| 词条 | Aigai (Aeolis) | ||||
| 释义 |
|name = Aigai |native_name = Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖαι {{grc icon}} |alternate_name = Aigaiai |image = AigaiMarkthalle1.jpg |alt = Eleven meters high, the facade of the market hall is still standing |caption = Facade of Aigai's market hall |map_type = Turkey |map_alt = |map_size = 270 |coordinates = {{coord|38|49|52|N|27|11|19|E|display=inline,title}} |location = Yuntdağı Köseler, Manisa Province, Turkey |region = Aeolis |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = Ruins |ownership = Public |management = |public_access = Yes |website = |notes = }} Aigai, also Aigaiai ({{lang-grc|Αἰγαί}} or {{lang|grc|Αἰγαῖαι}}; {{lang-la|Aegae}} or {{lang|la|Aegaeae}}; {{lang-tr|Nemrutkale}} or {{lang|tr|Nemrut Kalesi}}) was an ancient Greek, later Roman (Ægæ, Aegae), city and bishopric in Aeolis. Aegae is mentioned by both Herodotus and Strabo as being a member of the Aeolian dodecapolis. It was also an important sanctuary of Apollo. Aigai had its brightest period under the Attalid dynasty, which ruled from nearby Pergamon in the 3rd and 2nd century BC. The remains of the city are located near the modern village of Yuntdağı Köseler in Manisa Province, Turkey. The archaeological site is situated at a rather high altitude almost on top of Mount Gün (Dağı), part of the mountain chain of Yunt (Dağları). HistoryInitially the city was a possession of the Lydian Empire and later the Achaemenid Empire when it conquered the former. In the early third century BC it became part of the Kingdom of Pergamon.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} It changed hands from Pergamon to the Seleucid Empire, but was recaptured by Attalus I of Pergamon in 218 BC. In the war between Bithynia and Pergamon, it was destroyed by Prusias II of Bithynia in 156 BC. After a peace was brokered by the Romans, the city was compensated with hundred talents. Under the rule of Pergamon a market building and a temple to Apollo were constructed. In 129 BC the Kingdom of Pergamon became part of the Roman Empire. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 17 AD and received aid for reconstruction from emperor Tiberius. Ecclesiastical HistoryÆgæ was important enough in the Roman province of Asia Prima to become one of the many suffragans of its capital Ephesus's Metropolitan Archbishopric; but it as to fade. Titular seeThe diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as titular bishopric. It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
RemainsLayoutThe city is situated on a plateau at the summit of the steep Gün Dağı mountain, which can be climbed from the north. The plateau is surrounded by a wall with a length of 1.5 kilometers. On the eastern side are the remains of the three-story indoor market with a height of 11 meters and a length of 82 meters. The upper floor of the Hellenistic building was renovated in Roman times. The partially overgrown remains of many other buildings are scattered over the site. These include the acropolis which is laid out in terraces, a Macellum, a gymnasium, a bouleuterion and the foundations of three temples.[7] About five kilometers to the east the foundations of a sanctuary of Apollo are found on the banks of the river which flows around the ruins. It was an Ionic order peripteros temple from the first century BC. A cella which is six meters high and three monoliths still remain.[7] Excavation historyThe first western visitors of Aigai were William Mitchell Ramsay and Salomon Reinach in 1880. They reported about their visit in the Journal of Hellenic Studies[10] and the Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique.[11] They were followed by Richard Bohn and Carl Schuchhardt, who examined the site as a part of the excavations in Pergamon.[12] Since 2004 the site is being excavated by Ersin Doğer of Ege University in Izmir.[1] By 2010 the access road, the bouleuterion, the odeon, shops, numerous water pipes and large parts of the market hall were uncovered. For the coming years it is planned to re-erect the market hall's facade with the original stones.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} In 2016, archaeologists discovered a mosaic depicting the god Poseidon. The mosaic was found in the frigidarium part of the ancient bath. The bottom part of the mosaic contains partly ruined inscription in Greek: “Greetings to all of you bathing.” Archaeologists believe that it dates back to the 3rd or 4th century B.C.[2] In 2018, archaeologists unearthed a Macellum, which is an ancient meat and fish market.[3] References1. ^Excavation web site (in Turkish) http://aigai.info/ [4][5][6][7]2. ^Ancient Poseidon mosaic found in Turkey’s Adana 3. ^Meat and fish market unearthed in ancient city of Aigai 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Lang|first=Gernot|title=Klassische antike Stätten Anatoliens|year=2003|publisher=Books on Demand|location=Norderstedt|isbn=9783833000683|page=37|language=German}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Ramsay|first=W. M.|title=Contributions to the History of Southern Aeolis|journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies|year=1881|volume=2|pages=271–308|jstor=623569}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Reinach|first=Salomon|title=Une forteresse grecque à Nimroud-Kalessi|journal=Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique|year=1881|volume=5|issue=5|pages=131–136|language=French|doi=10.3406/bch.1881.4245}} 7. ^1 Schuchhardt, C., Bohn, R. (1889). Altertümer von Aegae. Berlin: G. Reimer. }} Sources and external links{{commons category|Aigai}}
10 : Aeolian dodecapolis|Archaeological sites in the Aegean Region|Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey|Catholic titular sees in Asia|Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Asia|Former populated places in Turkey|Geography of Manisa Province|History of Manisa|Tourist attractions in Manisa Province|Populated places in ancient Aeolis |
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