| 词条 | Pakadji |
| 释义 |
The Pakadji people, also known by the southern tribal exonym as the Koko Yao (Kuuku Ya'u), were an Indigenous Australian group of Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} The ethnonym Koko Ya'o is said literally to mean 'talk, speech' (koko/kuku) 'this way' (ya'o),{{sfn|Thomson|1933|p=458}} though this has been questioned.{{efn|Wood argues that Thomson's Demonstrative-based paradigm, though functional for several related languages, doesn't fit Kuku Wanju, and suggests that 'the names meant 'language which uses the form X' rather than 'like this'.'{{sfn|Wood|2016|p=342}} }} LanguagePakadji is one of the Umpila group of dialects within the North Cape York Paman languages. They had a highly developed sign language, but used generally only one hand, with rapid movements, and little secondary reinforcement by physical or facial tics or gestures.{{sfn|Kendon|1988|p=45}} CountryPakadji territory embraced roughly an area of 1,300 sq. miles around Weymouth Bay, the Pascoe River, and Temple Bay. It reached northwards as far as Cape Grenville; and ran to the southeast at Cape Weymouth. Inland it extended to the Dividing Range.{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} Lifestyle and economyThe Pakadji were one of the Kawadji, or sandbeach people. These coastal tribes basically exploited the rich food resources on and off the sea-line facing the Coral Sea. The year was divided into two seasons, the kawali or dry season that began with the onset of the south-east trade winds, from April through to November, and wullo wantjan/wullo waiyin ('when thunder cries') the season ushered in with the arrival of the northwest monsoon, beginning in late November/early December. In the kawali period they were often venture inland to harvest vegetables (mai'yi), yams (dampu) and bush honey, and construction materials like spear wood and weaving grasses.{{sfn|Thomson|1933|pp=457–458}} CeremoniesDonald Thomson gained the confidence of the Pakadji while spending 4 months with them during the season in which their initiation ceremonies (Okainta) were held, and was permitted to be present during the rites.{{sfn|Thomson|1933|p=458}} He focused in particular on stories related to Iwayi (Old Man Crocodile).{{sfn|Rigsby|Chase|2014|p=326}} Some words
Notes{{notelist}}CitationsReferences{{refbegin|30em}}
| last = Haddon | first = A. C. | author-link = Alfred Cort Haddon | year = 2011 | orig-year = First published 1935 | volume = 1 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XpMczQt7_BgC&pg=PA266 | isbn = 978-0-521-17986-7 | ref = harv }}
| last = Kendon | first = Adam | year = 1988 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YonNUqqnIRkC&pg=PA45 | isbn = 978-0-521-36008-1 | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Rigsby | first1 = Bruce | last2 = Chase | first2 = Athol | author1-link = Bruce Rigsby | title = Customary marine tenure in Australia | editor1-last = Peterson | editor1-first = Nicolas | editor2-last = Rigsby | editor2-first = Bruce | editor2-link = Bruce Rigsby | year = 2014 | publisher = Sydney University Press | pages = 307–350 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yr-6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA311&lpg=PA311 | isbn = 978-1-743-32389-2 | ref = harv }}
| last = Thomson | first = Donald F. | author-link = Donald Thomson | journal = Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1933 | volume = 63 | pages = 453–537 | jstor = 2843801 | ref = harv }}
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | year = 1974 | publisher = Australian National University Press | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/pakadji.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | ref = harv }}
| last = Wood | first = Ray | title = Land and Language in Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country | editor1-last = Verstraete | editor1-first = Jean-Christophe | editor2-last = Hafner | editor2-first = Diane | year = 2016 | publisher = John Benjamins Publishing Company | pages = 337–360 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lAV1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA342 | isbn = 978-9-027-26760-3 | ref = harv }}{{refend}}{{Aboriginal peoples of Queensland}} 1 : Aboriginal peoples of Queensland |
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