| 词条 | Palace of the Golden Gate |
| 释义 |
The Palace of the Golden Gate ({{lang-ar|باب الذهب|Bāb al-Dhahab}}) or Palace of the Green Dome ({{lang-ar|الخظراءالقبة|al-Qubbat al-Khaḍrā}}) was the official caliphal residence in Baghdad during the early Abbasid Caliphate. Baghdad was founded in 762 by the second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur ({{reign|754|775}}). The main part of the original city was the Round City, with the Palace of the Golden Gate and the adjacent Great Mosque of al-Mansur at its centre.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|pp=15–19}} Apart from the mosque, no other buildings were allowed to be built close to the palace, which was thus surrounded by a wide space; only on the northwest, towards the Gate of Syria, two buildings were constructed next to the palace wall: a barracks for the Caliph's horse guard, and a two-part gallery, originally intended as an audience hall for the sahib al-shurta and the captain of the horse guard respectively, but later came to be used as a public prayer space.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|pp=30–31}} Around this wide open space, the palaces of al-Mansur's younger children, quarters for the palace servants, and the offices of the various administrative departments were built.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=31}} The palace originally occupied an area of {{convert|200|sqyd|m2}}, with a central building topped by a green dome, {{convert|48.36|m|ft}} high, which gave the palace its alternative name of al-Qubbat al-Khaḍrā.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=31}}{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}} At the top of the dome was the effigy of a horseman carrying a lance, who in later times was credited with magical properties: he would allegedly turn his lance towards the direction where enemies were approaching from.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=31}} Underneath the dome was a square audience chamber {{convert|30|ft|m}}, with a vaulted ceiling just as high; and above that, in the interior of the dome, was another chamber of similar dimensions.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=32}} In front of the audience chamber was an alcove, called the aywan, which was surmounted by an arch {{convert|45|ft|m}} high and {{convert|30|ft|m}} wide.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=32}} The palace and mosque appear to have been completed in 763, one year after construction began, allowing al-Mansur to take up residence in the city.{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}} While the Palace of the Golden Gate remained the official residence of the caliphs, al-Mansur and his successors also spent much time in the nearby Khuld Palace constructed soon afterwards.{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=32}} Harun al-Rashid ({{reign|786|809}}) is said to have particularly preferred Khuld over the older palace, but his son al-Amin ({{reign|809|813}}) restored it as his residence, added a new wing to it, as well as a large square (maydan).{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=32}} As the main stronghold of al-Amin and his partisans, it suffered extensive damage from bombardment by catapult during the Siege of Baghdad (812–813). The palace then ceased to be used as a royal residence, and became neglected.{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|pp=32–33}} The palace remained standing, however; part of the structure was torn down to facilitate the expansion of the nearby Great Mosque under al-Mu'tadid ({{reign|892|902}}), but the landmark Green Dome remained standing until the night of 9 March 941 (7/8 Jumada II 329 AH), when heavy rainfalls, and possibly a thunderbolt strike, led to the collapse of the dome.{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}}{{sfn|Le Strange|1900|p=33}} The walls of the dome survived until the Sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258.{{sfn|Duri|1960|p=896}} ReferencesSources
6 : Buildings and structures completed in 763|Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate|Buildings and structures in Baghdad|Abbasid palaces|Former palaces|Domes |
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