| 词条 | Palm Sunday church bombings |
| 释义 |
|title=2017 Palm Sunday church bombings |image= |caption= |map={{Location map many|Egypt | width = 270 | lat1_deg = 30.78 | lon1_deg = 31.00 | pos1 = bottom | label1 = Tanta | lat2_deg = 31.20 | lon2_deg = 29.91 | pos2 = top | label2 = Alexandria }} |location=Tanta and Alexandria, Egypt |target=Coptic Christians |coordinates={{coord|30.792838|31.005390}} (Tanta), {{coord|31.198363|29.899601}} (Alexandria) |date=9 April 2017, Palm Sunday |time= |timezone= |type= Islamic Suicide bombings |partof=Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) |weapons=Explosive vests |fatalities=Tanta: 30 Alexandria: 17Total: 47 |injuries=Tanta: 78 Alexandria: 48Total: 126 |perpetrators= |susperp=Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province (claimed) |numparts= |motive=Anti-Christian sentiment fueled by radical Islamic extremism }}{{Campaignbox Terrorism in Egypt}}{{Modern persecution of Coptic Christians}} On Palm Sunday, 9 April 2017, twin suicide bombings took place at St. George's Church in the northern Egyptian city of Tanta on the Nile delta, and Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, the principal church in Alexandria, seat of the Coptic papacy. At least 45 people were reported killed and 126 injured. Amaq News Agency said the attacks were carried out by a security detachment of the ISIS. BackgroundIn February 2017, ISIS called for attacks on Christians,[1][2][3] and during the Sinai insurgency, hundreds of Christians fled their homes in the North Sinai after a "concerted campaign of assassination and intimidation".[4][5][6][7][8] The bombings occurred under President (and former general) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi who has emphasized national security during his rule, and who recently returned from a trip to the United States to visit President Donald Trump, a trip widely regarded as successful and as a confirmation of the US administration's support for Sisi's fight against ISIS.[4] BombingOn Palm Sunday, 9 April 2017, an explosive device was detonated inside St. George's Church in the Nile Delta city of Tanta. According to eyewitnesses, as they were attending the Divine Liturgy, a man in a brown jacket rapidly charged toward the altar before detonating an explosive belt. This man, Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Hussein, is believed to have been in charge of both church bombings in Tanta and Alexandria.[9] Video footage showed people assembled at the church, chanting the liturgy. The video rapidly changed to bars, as screams of terror and crying were heard in the background.[10] A preliminary report by the prosecution determined that the bomb contained TNT, as well as large amounts of metallic screws and highly flammable substances.[11] Later at Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral in Alexandria, historical seat of the Coptic papacy, another device exploded near the cathedral's gates. The incident occurred minutes after Pope Tawadros II left the church to follow the developments of the Tanta bombing. The pope escaped unharmed.[9] Conflicting reports emerged over the identity of the perpetrator. Egyptian television published a photo of a man who was stopped and interrogated near the entrance. The suspect reportedly detonated a suicide belt when members of the security force, assigned to this church, tried to arrest him.[12] Other camera footage, however, showed a different man trying to pass through the metal detectors at the entrance, a few seconds before the bomb went off.[13] CasualtiesThe bombing in Alexandria killed 17 people and injured 48.[14] In Tanta, 30 people were killed and 78 injured.[15] AftermathIn Tanta, security forces sealed off all the streets leading to the church and set up emergency checkpoints, allowing bomb disposal experts to examine the church and cars parked in its surroundings for any remaining explosives. Egypt's interior minister, Magdy Abdel Ghaffar, Prosecutor-General, Nabil Sadek, and other government officials arrived at the scene shortly after the bombing. Forensic experts identified an unknown severed head as a possible suspect in the attack.[9] Tanta's residents, who were demonstrating nearby, physically assaulted Major General Hossam el-Din Khalifa, head of the Gharbia's Security Directorate. Khalifa, along with other heads of security, were dismissed later that day by Abdel Ghaffar.[16] Three other explosive devices were dismantled by police. Two of them were left by an unknown individual in front of Sidi Abdel Rahim Mosque in Tanta, which contains a Sufi shrine. The other was in Alexandria's Collège Saint Marc.[17][18] State of emergencyOn the same day, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced that a three-month state of emergency will be imposed.[19] The attack has been seen as underscoring the failure of Egypt's intelligence agencies to "anticipate a coordinated wave of attacks" and the difficulty of stopping suicide attacks, despite the "largely unfettered powers" of the President el-Sisi and his imprisonment and exiling of "thousands of political opponents".[4] The three-month state of emergency must be approved by the Parliament of Egypt. Following its approval, President El-Sisi will have the authority to increase the powers of the police in arrests, surveillance, and seizures.[20] ResponsibilityAn online statement via the Amaq News Agency said, "A security detachment of the Islamic State carried out the attacks against the two churches in the cities of Tanta and Alexandria".[21][22][23] The two Egyptian suicide bombers were named Abu Ishaq Al-Masri and Abu Al-Baraa Al-Masri.[24] The group previously said the Islamic State was responsible for the December 2016 Botroseya Church bombing at St. Peter and St. Paul's Church in Cairo, which killed 29 people and injured 47 others.[25] IdentificationOn 12 April 2017, Egyptian Interior Ministry identified Mahmud Hassan Mubarak Abdullah from the Arab Al Ashraf tribe, born in 1986 in Qena Governorate, as the bomber who had carried out the attack outside Saint Mark's church in Alexandria by comparing the DNA of remains found at the site of the bombing with the DNA of runaway suspects.[26] A day later, Egyptian authorities identified the second bomber as Mamduh Amin Mohammed Baghdadi also from Al Ashraf tribe, born in 1977 in Qena Governorate.[27] ReactionsDomesticThe Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi summoned the national security council,[28] and said that those wounded could receive medical care at military hospitals.[23] The following day, president el-Sisi declared a three-month state of emergency across the country.[29] The Egyptian Council of Churches, through its secretary-general, priest Rifaat Fathy, expressed its condolences to the victims' relatives and to Pope Tawadros II, and announced its support to Sisi's swift response to the events and to the counter-terrorism efforts of the country's security apparatus.[30] The head of Al-Azhar, Egypt's leading center for the study of Sunni Islam, Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, denounced the deadly attacks, calling them a "despicable terrorist bombing that targeted the lives of innocents."[31] Following the attacks, Muslims gathering inside mosques to donate blood for victims. Egyptians also showed solidarity with the victims by using a hashtag on social media that translates to "your terrorism brings us together."[32] InternationalThe governments of Armenia,[33] Australia,[34] Canada,[35] China,[36] Colombia,[37] Cyprus,[38] France,[39] Germany,[40] Greece,[41] Hungary,[42] India,[43] Indonesia,[44] Iran,[45] Iraq,[46] Israel,[47] Japan,[48] Jordan,[49] Lebanon,[49] Malaysia,[50] Morocco,[51] Pakistan,[52] Poland,[53] Romania,[54] Russia,[55] Saudi Arabia,[56] Singapore,[57] Switzerland,[58] Turkey,[59] and the United States[60] condemned the attacks, as did the United Nations Security Council and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres.[61] The Holy See received news of the attacks while Pope Francis was holding the Palm Sunday mass in front of thousands in St. Peter's Square. The Roman Catholic pope, who is due to visit Egypt on 28 April, offered his condolences to his "brother" Tawadros II and to "all of the dear Egyptian nation" during his speech, while praying for the dead and the wounded.[62][63] The World Council of Churches and the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, also spoke out against the attacks.[64][65] Despite the recent events the Pope's visit to Egypt will proceed as planned.[66] Saudi Arabia's highest religious body, the Council of Senior Scholars (also known as the Senior Council of Ulema) condemned the twin Egypt church attacks, saying the bombings represented a "criminal act considered forbidden by Islamic consensus...these bombings have violated several tenants{{sic}} of Islam; from treachery to sin and aggression."[67]The International Muslim Brotherhood condemned the attack as "painfully tragic" and that "the blood of the innocent will be a curse on the oppressors" whilst stating blame was due to the government who came to power after the 2013 coup in Egypt.[68] US President Donald Trump condemned the attacks via social media; he said on his Twitter account: "So sad to hear of the terrorist attack in Egypt. U.S. strongly condemns."[69] After the attacks, Israel closed the Taba Border Crossing with Egypt.[70] See also
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web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Israel-extends-condolences-to-victims-of-deadly-Egypt-church-blast-486585|title=Israel offers condolences for victims of Egypt church attacks|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2601693&language=en|title=Japan condemns terrorist attacks on Egypt's churches|work=Kuwait News Agency|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 49. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://english.cctv.com/2017/04/10/ARTIDKcHSEb7xcMsZml1qJqG170410.shtml|title=Egypt declares 3-month emergency state after deadly church blasts|work=CCTV|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/pm-najib-condemns-attacks-tanta-and-alexandria-138719|title=PM Najib condemns attacks in Tanta and Alexandria|work=Bernamai|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/04/213524/morocco-strongly-condemns-terrorist-attacks-churches-egypt/ |title=Morocco Strongly Condemns Terrorist Attacks against Churches in Egypt|work=Morocco World News|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 52. ^{{cite web|title=Pakistan Strongly Condemns Terrorist Attacks on Coptic Churches in Egypt|url=http://www.radio.gov.pk/10-Apr-2017/pakistan-strongly-condemns-terrorist-attacks-on-coptic-churches-in-egypt|work=Radio Pakistan|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 53. ^Andrzej Duda [https://twitter.com/AndrzejDuda/status/851018646457651201 Twitter] 9 April 2017 54. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.agerpres.ro/english/2017/04/09/romania-s-foreign-ministry-condemns-terrorist-attacks-in-egypt-18-29-00|title=Romania's Foreign Ministry condemns terrorist attacks in Egypt|publisher=AGERPRESS|access-date=9 April 2017|language=en}} 55. ^{{Cite news |url=http://tass.com/politics/940361|title=Putin offers condolences to Egyptian president after blast in Tanta|work=TASS Russian News Agency|access-date=9 April 2017|language=en}} 56. ^arabnews.com. 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-strongly-condemns-twin-church-attacks-in-egypt-no-singaporean-affected|title=Singapore strongly condemns twin church attacks in Egypt, no Singaporeans affected|work=The Straits Times|date=10 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/islamic-state_swiss-condemn-attack-on-coptic-christians-in-egypt/43097530|title=Swiss condemn attack on Coptic Christians in Egypt|work=Swissinfo|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-condemns-egyptian-church-bombing/792842|title=Turkey condemns Egyptian church bombing|work=Anadolu Agency|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 60. ^Donald J. Trump [https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/851092500056072198 Twitter] 9 April 2017. 61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=56530#.WOuABm-GPIU|title=Security Council, UN Secretary-General and UN group condemn terror attacks in Egypt|work=UN News Center|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/04/09/pope-offers-condolences-as-christians-in-egypt-are-attacked|title=Pope offers condolences after Christian bloodshed in Egypt |work=Euronews|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2017/04/09/palm-sunday-pope-decries-suffering-caused-by-terrorism/|title=Palm Sunday: Pope decries suffering caused by terrorism|work=The Catholic Herald|agency=AP|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017}} 64. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ecumenicalnews.com/article/pope-francis-and-world-council-of-churches-condemn-terror-attacks-on-egyptian-christians/60273.htm|title=Pope Francis and World Council of Churches condemn terror attacks on Egyptian Christians|work=Ecumenical News|date=9 April 2017|accessdate=10 April 2017|author=Kenny, Peter}} 65. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/world/middleeast/explosion-egypt-coptic-christian-church.html?_r=0|title=ISIS Claims 2 Deadly Explosions at Egyptian Coptic Churches on Palm Sunday|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 April 2017|language=en}} 66. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/pope-francis-egypt-christians_us_58ebe8dee4b0df7e2044857e|title=Pope Francis will Visit Egypt as Planned despite Bombings of Christian Churches|last=Blumberg|first=Antonia|date=10 April 2017|work=Huffington Post|access-date=11 April 2017|language=en-US}} 67. ^[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/04/10/Saudi-Arabia-s-highest-religious-body-twin-Egypt-church-attacks.html Saudi Arabia’s highest religious body condemns twin Egypt church attacks] 68. ^Ikhwanweb 69. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/church-bombing-tanta-egypt-palm-sunday/|title=Church bombing north of Cairo kills 25 on Palm Sunday|access-date=10 April 2017|work=CBS News}} 70. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.focus.de/panorama/welt/angst-vor-unmittelbar-bevorstehendem-anschlag-israel-riegelt-grenze-zu-aegypten-ab_id_6930178.html|title=Israel riegelt Grenze zu Ägypten ab|publisher=Focus|access-date=10 April 2017|language=de|work=Focus}} 18 : 2017 murders in Africa|April 2017 crimes|April 2017 events in Africa|Attacks on churches|21st century in Alexandria|Improvised explosive device bombings in Egypt|ISIL terrorist incidents in Egypt|Filmed improvised explosive device bombings|Islamist attacks on churches|Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017|Mass murder in 2017|Mass murder in Egypt|Massacres in places of worship|Persecution of Copts by ISIL|Religiously motivated violence in Egypt|Suicide bombings in Egypt|Terrorist incidents in Egypt in 2017|Victims of Islamic terrorism |
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