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词条 Palo Colorado Canyon, California
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. Road

     Closures 

  3. History

     Esselen home   Mission era    Rancho era    Homesteaders   Mill Creek Redwood Preserve    Palo Colorado Association  

  4. Fire impact

      Historical fires    2016 Soberanes fire  

  5. Population

  6. Government

  7. References

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palo Colorado Canyon
| other_name =
| native_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =Unincorporated community
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =California#USA
| pushpin_label_position =bottom
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption =Location in California
| pushpin_image=California Locator Map with US.PNG
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name =United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = California
| subdivision_type2 =County
| subdivision_name2 = Monterey County
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
|
| established_title =
| established_date = 1888
| coordinates = {{coord|36|23|58|N|121|53|17.5|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = [1]
| elevation_m =34
| elevation_ft =112
| footnotes =
}}Palo Colorado Canyon is an unincorporated community in the Big Sur region of Monterey County, California.[1] The canyon entrance is located {{convert|11.3|mile}} south of Carmel Valley River at the former settlement of Notley's Landing, {{convert|6.5|mi|km|0}} north of Point Sur,[2] and at an elevation of 112 feet (34 m).[1]

Etymology

Arroyo de Palo Colorado was first named on a diseño, a hand-drawn descriptive map of Rancho San Jose y Sur Chiquito, that was submitted by Jose Castro to the Land Claims Commission in 1853 to prove his title to the rancho.[3][4]

Road

The entrance to the road is at the former settlement at Notley's Landing. The first {{convert|3|mile}} of road winds through a Redwood tree-lined canyon alongside Palo Colorado Creek. It then climbs sharply up a stretch of road to a point known locally as The Hoist and into the Rocky Creek watershed. The name for "The Hoist" came about because of the very steep road which during the turn of the century required wagon-loads of tanbark and lumber to be hoisted by block and tackle hitched to oxen.[5] The old block and tackle is still chained to a massive log beam, now used to support mailboxes and labeled "The Hoist."[6] The road ended at this point until 1950, when the US Army Corps of Engineers began a construction project to extend the road to the North fork of the Little Sur River and future site of Camp Pico Blanco.

The road connects to two private unpaved roads to the north. Garrapata Road connects into Garrapata State Park and the other, over Long Ridge, connects to the Big Sur Land Trust's Glen Deven Ranch. Both are only used as fire emergency routes.[7]

The road ends after eight miles at Bottcher’s Gap, at {{convert|2050|ft}} altitude, the site of former homesteader John Bottcher's cabin in 1885-86. It is currently a primitive campsite and trail head into the Ventana Wilderness and the Los Padres National Forest. A locked gate provides access to a {{convert|3.3|mi}} long private road leading to Camp Pico Blanco.[8][9]

Closures

The last five-mile segment of Palo Colorado Road was heavily damaged in January 2017. Heavy rains caused debris to block a culvert under the road and Rocky Creek overflowed Palo Colorado Road at mile marker 3.3.[10] The floods resulted from runoff from lands burnt by the Soberanes Fire. Monterey County installed a temporary bridge at Rocky Creek. Repairs are scheduled to begin in June 2018 and will take five months. It's estimated the repairs would cost about $10 million.[11][12]

The rains caused considerable additional damage to the road between The Hoist and Bottcher's Gap. In August, 2013, the county installed a security gate at The Hoist to prevent non-residents from proceeding further. Camp Pico Blanco, Mill Creek Redwood Preserve, and the Bottcher's Gap campground and trail head are closed. About 60 homes were in the area beyond the closure. The county repaired the road where it crosses Rocky Creek in 2018, but slipouts farther east on the road remain and the road {{asof|2019|1}} remains closed.[13][14][15]

History

Esselen home

Before the arrival of Europeans, the land was occupied by the Esselen people. They had a number of seasonal villages located along the Big Sur coast from near present-day Hurricane Point to the vicinity of Vicente Creek in the south, inland to the upper Carmel and Arroyo Seco Rivers. A large boulder with a dozen or more deep mortar bowls worn into it, known as a bedrock mortar, is located in Apple Tree Camp on the southwest slope of Devil's Peak, northeast of Palo Colorado Road.[16]

Mission era

During the Spanish mission era from 1769 to 1833, the native people were heavily affected by the establishment of three missions (Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, and Mission San Antonio de Padua) near them from 1770 to 1791.[16] The native population was decimated by disease, including measles, smallpox, and syphilis, which wiped out 90 percent of the native population,[17]{{rp||31}} and by conscript labor, poor food, and forced assimilation. Virtually all of the Esselen people's villages within the current Los Padres National Forest were left largely uninhabited.[18]

Rancho era

{{more|Ranchos of California}}Rancho San Jose y Sur Chiquito was first granted in 1835 to Teodoro Gonzalez and re-granted by Governor Juan Alvarado the same year to Marcelino Escobar. It bordered the first mile of Palo Colorado Canyon to the north. It was later owned by Jose Castro and was used for farming and ranching.[19][20]

Homesteaders

Early homesteaders in the Palo Colorado Canyon region included Samuel L. Trotter (January 23, 1914),[21] George Notley (March 21, 1896),[22] and his brother William F. Notley (May 8, 1901),[23] and Andre Cushing who bought a 40-acre patent just east of the mouth of the canyon.[24]

Notley began harvesting tanoak bark from the canyon, a lucrative source of income at the time. The bark was used to manufacture tannic acid, necessary to the growing leather tanning industry located in Santa Cruz, about 40 miles to the north. Notley constructed a landing at the mouth of the Palo Colorado River like that at Bixby Landing to the south. The tanbark was harvested from the isolated trees inland, corded, brought out by mule back or using wooden sleds, and loaded by cable onto waiting vessels anchored offshore at Notley's Landing.

Swetnam and Trotter worked for the Notley brothers, who harvested Redwood in the Santa Cruz area and expanded operations to include tanbark in the mountains around Palo Colorado Canyon. Swetnam married Adelaide Pfeiffer and bought the Notley home at the mouth of Palo Colorado Canyon for their residence. He also constructed two cabins and a small barn on his patent along the Little Sur River at the site of the future Pico Blanco camp.

Mill Creek Redwood Preserve

Land to the south of Palo Colorado Canyon formerly owned by Charles Henry Bixby was sold to a lumber company in 1986. Their plan to harvest over a million board feet of redwood was only derailed by the savings and loan crisis, when the land was seized by federal financial regulators. They sold the property to the Big Sur Land Trust, which in turn sold it to the Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District in 1988. The district joined it with three adjacent properties to form the Mill Creek Redwood Preserve.[25] The county hired a crew to build a {{convert|2.7|mi}} trail from Palo Colorado Road to an overlook, which was completed over ten years. Responding to concerns of canyon residents about traffic on narrow Palo Colorado Road, the county agreed to limit access to six permits per day. Visitors are required to obtain a permit in advance from the Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District. The trail head is located {{convert|6|mi}} inland on Palo Colorado Road.[25][26]

Palo Colorado Association

The Palo Colorado Association was formed in 1917 and legally organized in 1928. Its purposes are to provide social and recreational opportunities to its members, manage real and personal property belonging to members, provide upkeep of the association property, and to hire a caretaker to manage their properties. It includes the owners of eleven cabins that are more than 100 years old. The cabins are built of whole logs alongside Palo Colorado Creek and within the first three-tenths of a mile near the entrance to the canyon.[27][28]

Fire impact

Historical fires

In 1906, a fire that began in Palo Colorado Canyon from the embers of a campfire burned for 35 days, scorching an estimated {{convert|150000|acres}}, and was finally extinguished by the first rainfall of the season.[29]

On August 26, 1924, a fire started in Danish Creek in the Carmel River watershed. It burned {{convert|49,400|acre}} until it was extinguished by rainfall on October 4. This was the largest fire for more than 50 years, until the Marble Cone Fire in 1977.[30]

In October, 2007, a fire broke out in a residence in the canyon and spread to nearby brush. About {{convert|50|acre}} were burned. While fighting the fire, Matthew Will, a bulldozer operator with CalFire, was killed when his bulldozer rolled down a steep slope.[31]

2016 Soberanes fire

{{Main|Soberanes fire}}

The July 2016 Soberanes Fire was caused by unknown individuals who started and lost control of an illegal campfire in the Garrapata Creek watershed. During the first few days of the fire, it destroyed 57 homes and 11 outbuildings in the Garrapata and Palo Colorado Canyon areas. Fire fighters were able to build lines around parts of the Big Sur community. A bulldozer operator was killed when his equipment overturned during night operations in Palo Colorado Canyon.[32][33][34][35]

Population

The United States does not define a census-designated place called Palo Colorado Canyon, but it does define a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), 93923 which extends north to include parts of Carmel Valley and Carmel-by-the-Sea, so it is not possible to obtain census data for the canyon itself.[36]

{{as of|2004}}, there were about 300 households in the Palo Colorado Canyon area. The residents raised $300,000 to build a firehouse to house the Mid-Coast Fire Brigade, an all-volunteer unit that offers fire protection to the area.[37]

Government

At the county level, Palo Colorado Canyon is represented on the Monterey County Board of Supervisors by Supervisor Dave Potter.[38]

In the California State Legislature, Palo Colorado Canyon is in {{Representative|casd|17|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|30|fmt=adistrict}}.[39]

In the United States House of Representatives, Palo Colorado Canyon is in {{Representative|cacd|20|fmt=district}}[40]

References

1. ^1 2 {{gnis|1661124}}
2. ^{{California's Geographic Names|930}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/linkservid/A836D277-3048-7B3D-C52E40C677DF9680/showMeta/0/|title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea|first1=Teresa|last1=Grimes|first2=Leslie|last2=Heumann|date=January 7, 1997|website=ci.carmel.ca.us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921213703/http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/linkservid/A836D277-3048-7B3D-C52E40C677DF9680/showMeta/0/|archive-date=2015-09-21|dead-url=no|access-date=30 December 2017|df=}}
4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37854320|title=California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names 1889-1969|first1=Erwin |last1=Gustav|date=1998|publisher=University of California Press|others=Bright, William|isbn=9780520266193|edition=fourth, rev. and enl.|location=Berkeley|oclc=37854320 |page=279}}
5. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210022848/http://www.mprpd.org/parks/millcreek.htm|archivedate=February 10, 2007|title= Mill Creek Redwood Preserve|year=2009|publisher=Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District |accessdate=October 27, 2009|url=http://www.mprpd.org/parks/millcreek.htm}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://adventuresportsjournal.com/content/?p=522|title=Five Great Winter Hikes in Big Sur|last=Fischer|first= Meade|accessdate=November 14, 2009}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bigsurlandtrust.org/glen-deven-ranch.htm|title=Landscapes - Glen Deven Ranch (Big Sur Land Trust)|first=Big Sur Land|last=Trust|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135519/http://www.bigsurlandtrust.org/glen-deven-ranch.htm|archivedate=2018-01-01|df=}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ventanawild.org/news/fe01/comings.html|title=The Story of Comings Cabin|last=Wood|first=Lea|date=Fall 2001|work=Double Cone Quarterly, Volume IV, Number 3|accessdate=November 15, 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124211149/http://www.ventanawild.org/news/fe01/comings.html|archivedate=January 24, 2010|df=mdy-all}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=John Bottcher, Patent #CACAAA-090676|url=https://thelandpatents.com/patents/cacaaa-090676|publisher=The Land Patent|accessdate=12 August 2016|date=September 25, 1888}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/county-explores-taking-over-palo-colorado-road-from-the-feds/article_05044f5a-6cd4-11e7-9a00-a3bc62750597.html|title=County explores taking over Palo Colorado Road from the feds, braces for $13.5 million in repairs.|first=Nic|last=Coury|publisher=}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fostertravel.com/californias-big-sur-coast-a-scenic-drive/|title=California's Big Sur Coast: A Scenic Drive - Foster Travel Publishing|date=19 July 2012|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101083729/https://www.fostertravel.com/californias-big-sur-coast-a-scenic-drive/|archivedate=1 January 2018|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|last1=Wright|first1=Tom|title=Palo Colorado Road to close for months as crews repair culverts|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20180501/NEWS/180509967|website=Monterey Herald|accessdate=3 May 2018|language=en}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-i-z/resource-management-agency-rma-/public-works-facilities/faq-s/palo-colorado-road-repair-projects |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-01-07 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108004706/http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-i-z/resource-management-agency-rma-/public-works-facilities/faq-s/palo-colorado-road-repair-projects |archivedate=2018-01-08 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170113/NEWS/170119874 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-01-07 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108004706/http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20170113/NEWS/170119874 |archivedate=2018-01-08 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weareharris.com/work/projects/california/palo-colorado-road-repair-project|title=Palo Colorado Road Repair Project - Harris & Associates|website=Harris & Associates}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|last=Breschini|first=Gary S.|title=A Brief Overview of the Esselen Indians of Monterey County|url=http://www.mchsmuseum.com/esselen.html|publisher=Montery County Historical Society|accessdate=November 3, 2011|author2=Trudy Haversat|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122003607/http://www.mchsmuseum.com/esselen.html|archivedate=November 22, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
17. ^{{cite book|last1=Kripal|first1=Jeffrey J.|title=America and the Religion of No Religion|date=April 2007|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=9780226453712|pages=594}}
18. ^{{cite web|last1=Blakley|first1=E.R. "Jim"|title=Historical Overview of the Los Padres National Forest|url=http://lpfw.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/19850700_Blakley_HistoricalOverviewLPNF.pdf|publisher=ForestWatch|first2=Karen|last2=Barnette|date=July 1985|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207165451/http://lpfw.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/19850700_Blakley_HistoricalOverviewLPNF.pdf|archivedate=February 7, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ci.carmel.ca.us/carmel/index.cfm/linkservid/A836D277-3048-7B3D-C52E40C677DF9680/showMeta/0/|title=Historic Context Statement Carmel-by-the-Sea |first1=Teresa |last1= Grimes |first2=Leslie |last2=Heumann|date=January 7, 1997|website=ci.carmel.ca.us|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=30 December 2017}}
20. ^Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
21. ^{{cite web| title=Samuel M Trotter, Patent #CASF--0005429|url=http://thelandpatents.com/patents/casf--0005429|publisher=The Land Patents|accessdate=28 July 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web| title=George A Notley, Patent #CACAAA-090763|url=http://thelandpatents.com/patents/cacaaa-092695|publisher=The Land Patents|accessdate=28 July 2016}}
23. ^{{cite web| title=William F Notley, Patent #CACAAA-092695|url=http://thelandpatents.com/patents/cacaaa-092695|publisher=The Land Patents|accessdate=28 July 2016}}
24. ^{{cite web| title=William F Notley, Patent #CACAAA-092695|url=http://thelandpatents.com/patents/cacaaa-090688|publisher=The Land Patents|accessdate=28 September 2017}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.mprpd.org/mill-creek-redwood-preserve/|title=Mill Creek Redwood Preserve|publisher=Monterey Peninsula Regional Park District|accessdate=5 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919145905/http://www.mprpd.org/mill-creek-redwood-preserve/|archivedate=September 19, 2016|df=mdy-all}} {{PD-notice}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/cover/mill-creek-redwood-preserve-trail-taps-the-serenity-of-palo/article_e7bc733c-5723-52dc-95fb-68eb82e9460b.html|title=Mill Creek Redwood Preserve Trail taps the serenity of Palo Colorado Canyon.|first=Corby|last=Anderson|publisher= Monterey County Weekly | accessdate = August 12, 2016}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Weekend-storm-batters-resilient-remote-Big-Sur-10843668.php|title=Weekend storm batters resilient, remote Big Sur communities|work=San Francisco Chronicle |first1=Evan |last1=Sernoffsky |date=January 8, 2017 | access-date=2018-01-08}}
28. ^{{Cite|title=Articles of Incorporation Palo Colorado Association|date=November 29, 2007|work=California Secretary of State|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
29. ^{{cite web|last1=Rogers|first1=David|title=The Big Sur Fire of 1906|url=https://www.ventanawild.org/news/se04/pasttime.html|publisher=Double Cone Quarterly|access-date=22 August 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628064947/http://www.ventanawild.org/news/se04/pasttime.html|archivedate=28 June 2016|df=}}
30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.midcoastfirebrigade.org/about.asp?id=history|title=Mid-Coast Fire Brigade|website=www.midcoastfirebrigade.org|access-date=2018-01-01|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135838/http://www.midcoastfirebrigade.org/about.asp?id=history|archivedate=2018-01-01|df=}}
31. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nks-p-ASe9YC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45|title=Congressional Record Proceeding and Debates of the 110th Congress First Session Volume 153-Part 20|publisher=Government Printing Office|language=en}}
32. ^{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Mike|title=Wildfire cripples tourism in California’s scenic Big Sur|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/wildfire-cripples-tourism-in-californias-scenic-big-sur-2016-07-31|website=MarketWatch|access-date=August 22, 2016|date=August 1, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829112604/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/wildfire-cripples-tourism-in-californias-scenic-big-sur-2016-07-31|archivedate=August 29, 2016|df=}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20161008/NEWS/161009692|title=Soberanes Fire: A survivor’s story in Palo Colorado|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101195654/http://www.montereyherald.com/article/NF/20161008/NEWS/161009692|archivedate=2018-01-01|df=}}
34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ksbw.com/article/homes-in-palo-colorado-canyon-destroyed-by-wildfire-2/1399492 |title=Homes in Palo Colorado Canyon destroyed by wildfire |publisher=KWBW |accessdate=September 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905094220/http://www.ksbw.com/article/homes-in-palo-colorado-canyon-destroyed-by-wildfire-2/1399492 |archivedate=September 5, 2016 |df= }}
35. ^{{cite web|first1=Ryan Maye|last1=Handy|first2=Bill|last2=Gabbert|title=Damage assessment teams document 57 homes destroyed in Soberanes Fire|url=http://wildfiretoday.com/2016/07/29/soberanes-fire-spreads-destroys-more-homes/|website=WildFireToday.com|accessdate=7 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917070812/http://wildfiretoday.com/2016/07/29/soberanes-fire-spreads-destroys-more-homes/|archivedate=17 September 2016|df=}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Carmel-by-the-Sea city, California| url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/cf/1.0/en/place/Carmel-by-the-Sea city, California/POPULATION/DECENNIAL_CNT |website=American Fact Finder|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=7 September 2016|deadurl=no|df=}}
37. ^{{cite web|last1=Howe|first1=Kevin|title=Palo Colorado Canyon, California Station To Go Up|url=http://www.firehouse.com/news/10515277/palo-colorado-canyon-california-station-to-go-up|website=Firehouse.com|accessdate=7 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012140306/http://www.firehouse.com/news/10515277/palo-colorado-canyon-california-station-to-go-up|archivedate=12 October 2016|df=}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Monterey County Supervisorial District 5 Map (North District 5)|url=http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/cob/sup_maps/district5-1.pdf|publisher=County of Monterey|accessdate=21 September 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701050525/http://www.co.monterey.ca.us/cob/sup_maps/district5-1.pdf|archivedate=1 July 2012|df=}}
39. ^{{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |accessdate=February 11, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |archivedate=February 1, 2015 |df= }}
40. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|20|accessdate=September 24, 2014}}
{{Monterey County, California}}This article contains content from government publications that are in the public domain.

3 : Unincorporated communities in California|Unincorporated communities in Monterey County, California|Populated coastal places in California
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