| 词条 | Panchanan Karmakar |
| 释义 |
|name=Panchanan Karmakar |native_name=পঞ্চানন কর্মকার |native_name_lang = bn |birth_place= Tribeni, Hooghly district, Bengal Presidency, British India |home town= Serampore, Hooghly district, Bengal Presidency, British India |death_date=1804 }} Panchanan Karmakar (died c. 1804) was an Indian Bengali inventor. He hailed from Serampore. He invented the Bangla font.[1] His wooden Bengali alphabet and typeface had been used until Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar proposed a simplified version in 1780(correction needed).[2] Apart from Bangla, Karmakar developed type in 14 languages, including Arabic, Persian, Marathi, Telugu, Burmese and Chinese.[1] His predecessors first lived in Jirat, then they started living in Tribeni in 1778. Early life and careerKarmakar was born in Tribeni village in Hooghly district. His ancestors were calligraphers; they inscribed names and decorations on copper plates, weapons, metal pots, etc.[1] Andrews, a Christian missionary, had a printing press at Hughli. In order to print Nathaniel Brassey Halhed's A Grammar of the Bengal Language, he needed a Bangla type.[1] Under the supervision of English typographer Charles Wilkins, Karmakar[3] created the first Bengali typeface for printing.[4] In 1779, Karmakar moved to Kolkata to work for Wilkins' new printing press.[1] In 1801, he developed a typeface for British missionary William Carey's Bangla translation of the New Testament.[5] In 1803, Karmakar developed a set of Devnagari script, the first Nagari type to be developed in India.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last=Islam |first=Sirajul |year=2012 |chapter=Panchanan Karmakar|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Panchanan_Karmakar |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Hossain |editor2-first= Ayub |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Karmakar, Panchanan}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vidyasagar,_Ishwar_Chandra|title=Vidyasagar, Pundit Iswar Chandra|publisher=Banglapedia|accessdate=March 20, 2016|author=Ghulam Morshed}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SdUFVbSLBJgC&pg=PA50 |title=Book History - Ezra Greenspan, Jonathan Rose |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2015-06-02}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mLgIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA273&dq=charles+wilkins&lr=&client=firefox-a#PPA275,M1 |title=Works [ed. by E.R. Rost]. - Horace Hayman Wilson - |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-02}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Flower-power-resurrects-Carey-legacy/articleshow/11815226.cms|title=Flower power resurrects Carey legacy|date=February 9, 2012|accessdate=March 20, 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|author=TNN}} 10 : 1804 deaths|Indian typographers|People from Hooghly district|20th-century Indian designers|Bengali male artists|18th-century Indian inventors|19th-century Indian inventors|18th-century Indian artists|19th-century Indian artists|Artists from West Bengal |
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