| 词条 | Pangeran Pekik |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Pangeran | name = Pekik | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = 1659 | death_place = Mataram Sultanate | death_cause = Assassinated by Amangkurat I{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = | family = House of Surabaya | father = Jayalengkara, Duke of Surabaya | relatives = Amangkurat I (son-in-law), Amangkurat II (grandson) }} Pangeran Pekik (or Prince Pekik, died in 1659) was a Javanese prince, and son of the last Duke of Surabaya, Jayalengkara.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=16}}{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=40}} After the Mataram conquest of Surabaya he was forced to live in Mataram court.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} He was executed in 1659 under the orders of Mataram's King Amangkurat I, who suspected him of conspiracy.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} Family and ancestryPangeran Pekik was born into the ruling house of the Duchy of Surabaya. His father, Jayalengkara ({{Reign|?|1625}}), was the Duke of Surabaya at the time of Surabaya's conquest by Mataram (1625).{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=40}} The House of Surabaya claimed to be descendants of Sunan Ampel (1401–1481), one of the nine saints (wali songo) credited with the spread of Islam in Java.{{sfn|Akhmad Saiful Ali|1994|p=34}}{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=16}}{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=36}} However, de{{nbsp}}Graaf wrote that there was no evidence for this claim although he considered it likely that the ruling family were distantly related to Sunan Ampel.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=16}}{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=36}} BiographyFall of Surabaya{{main|Mataram conquest of Surabaya}}At the time of Mataram's campaign of conquest against Surabaya (1619–1625), Pekik's father the duke was already blind and aged.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=40}} Pekik was one of the leader of the defending forces and mobilised Surabaya's allies against Mataram.{{sfn|Akhmad Saiful Ali|1994|p=48}} After several years of war, Surabaya surrendered in 1625.{{sfn|Akhmad Saiful Ali|1994|p=65}} Pangeran Pekik was exiled to an ascetic life at the grave of Sunan Ngampel-Denta near Surabaya.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=48}}{{sfn|Akhmad Saiful Ali|1994|p=65}}{{sfn|Reid|2010}} Move to Mataram courtIn 1633, Mataram's Sultan Agung recalled Pangeran Pekik from Ampel.{{sfn|Reid|2010}} Pekik married Agung's sister and henceforth lived at court, while Agung's son and heir (later Amangkurat I) married Pekik's daughter.{{sfn|Reid|2010}} While at court, he "did much to civilize the Court" of Mataram, according to Dutch historian H. J. de Graaf.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=40}} He brought culture from the court of Surabaya, which had been a centre of culture and Islamic Old Javanese literature since the second half of the 16th century, to the relatively new court of Mataram.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=16}} Agung's decision to institute the Javanese calendar was probably the result of Pekik's influence.{{sfn|Reid|2010}} Campaign against GiriIn 1636, Pekik was ordered by Sultan Agung to lead a Mataram army in a reconquest of Giri.{{sfn|Reid|2010}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=51}} Giri was a religious site, ruled by religious men who traced their lineage to Sunan Giri, one of the nine wali (saints) credited with spreading Islam in Java, and became a centre of opposition against Mataram.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=51}} Agung hesitated to attack it, and he might have been worried that his men would not be willing to fight the holy men of Giri.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=52}} Pekik's standing and his family's relation to the line of Sunan Ampel, a more senior wali than Sunan Giri, provided legitimacy to this campaign and help ensure the soldiers' loyalty.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=51–52}} The fortified town of Giri was taken by Mataram troops under Pekik in 1636.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=46}} Amangkurat I's reign and assassinationSultan Agung died in 1646 and was succeeded by Amangkurat I, who was married to one of Pekik's daughters.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=54}} Around 1649, she died soon after giving birth to her third child, who was designated the crown prince (he later became King Amangkurat II).{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} In 1659 Amangkurat I suspected that Pangeran Pekik was leading a conspiracy against his life.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} Subsequently, Pekik and his relatives, including those living in Surabaya, were killed under Amangkurat I's order.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}} The massacre of Pekik's family, East Java's most important princely house, created a rift between Amangkurat and his East Javanese subjects. It also caused a conflict with his son, the crown prince, who was close to Pekik (his maternal grandfather) and the rest of his mother's family.{{sfn|Pigeaud|1976|p=66}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=89}} ReferencesCitationsBibliography
4 : People from Surabaya|1659 deaths|17th-century executions|Executed royalty |
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