Papillon is a name meaning "butterfly" in French.

Notable people with the name include:

• Annick Papillon (born 1980), Canadian politician
• Godfrey Papillon (1867–1942), English cricketer
• Jean-François Papillon (died 1805), African-born slave in Haiti
• John Papillon (cricketer) (1806–1889), English cricketer
• John Papillon (1838–1891), British photographer and army engineer
• Thomas Papillon (1623–1702), English merchant and politician
• Papillon Soo Soo (born 1961), British-Chinese model and actress

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