| 词条 | Parathion methyl |
| 释义 |
| ImageFile = Parathion-methyl.svg | ImageFile1 = Methyl-parathion-from-xtal-2005-3D-balls.png | IUPACName = O,O-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate | OtherNames = Azophos, Methyl parathion, O,O-Dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate, O,O-Dimethyl-p-nitrophenylthionophosphate |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 298-00-0 | PubChem = 4130 | ChemSpiderID = 3987 | SMILES = COP(=S)(OC)Oc1ccc(cc1)[N+](=O)[O-] | InChI = 1/C8H10NO5PS/c1-12-15(16,13-2)14-8-5-3-7(4-6-8)9(10)11/h3-6H,1-2H3 | InChIKey = RLBIQVVOMOPOHC-UHFFFAOYAW | StdInChI = 1S/C8H10NO5PS/c1-12-15(16,13-2)14-8-5-3-7(4-6-8)9(10)11/h3-6H,1-2H3 | StdInChIKey = RLBIQVVOMOPOHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N | RTECS = TG0175000 | UNNumber = 2783 | EC_number = 015-035-00-7 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = (CH3O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 | MolarMass = 263.2 g/mol | Appearance = White to tan, crystalline solid or powder[1] | Odor = pungent, garlic-like[1] | Density = 1.36 g/mL (20°C)[1] | MeltingPtF = 99 | MeltingPt_ref =[1] | BoilingPtF = 289 | BoilingPt_ref =[1] | Solubility = 0.006% (25°C)[1] | VaporPressure = 0.00001 mmHg (20°C)[1] |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = reactive with strong oxidizers and water[1] | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = | IDLH = N.D.[1] | REL = TWA 0.2 mg/m3 [skin][1] | PEL = none[1] | LD50 = 67 mg/kg (rat, dermal)[12] 10-25 mg/kg (male rat, oral)[2] 24 mg/kg (female rat, oral)[2] }} Parathion methyl, or methyl parathion, is an organophosphate pesticide and insecticide, possessing a organothiophosphate group. It is structurally very similar to parathion-ethyl. It is not allowed for sale and import in nearly all countries around the world, while a few allow it under subject to specified conditions only. ApplicationsParathion methyl is used as an insecticide on crops, including cotton.[3] SafetyPeople can be exposed to parathion methyl in the workplace by breathing it in, getting it on their skin, swallowing it, or getting it in their eyes. Since it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, symptoms of exposure to parathion methyl include irritated eyes and skin, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, salivation, feeling weak and tired, headache, runny nose, tightness in the chest, blurry vision, pupil constriction, irregular heartbeat, muscle twitches (fasciculation), and difficulty breathing.[4][1] In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has not set a legal limit (permissible exposure limit) for parathion methyl exposure in the workplace. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday.[1] Even though parathion methyl is classified as extremely hazardous, it is not classified as a carcinogen by any global agency.[3] Classifications and restrictionsParathion methyl has been restricted for many years. It is classified as Extremely Hazardous (Ia) by the World Health Organization and it is classified as Severely Hazardous by the Rotterdam Convention and is not allowed for sale and import in nearly all countries around the world, while a few allow it under subject to specified conditions only.[5][6][7][8] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{PGCH|0427}} {{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators}}2. ^1 {{Cite web |url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pel88/298-00.html |title = Methyl Parathion |work = 1988 OSHA PEL Project Documentation |publisher = NIOSH |date = 28 September 2011}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/pdfs/NIOSH-153-B/153B-B20-EID-OTR-skinnotation_Methyl%20parathion_25Oct2013.pdf|title = Skin notation profile: Methyl Parathion|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = NIOSH|last = |first = }} 4. ^Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health B Critical Review (2003): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554434 Methyl parathion: a review of health effects.], PubMed 5. ^CABI Plantwise: Plantwise Pesticide Red List 6. ^WHO (2010): The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, p5, IPCS 7. ^Rotterdam Convention: Annex III Chemicals 8. ^Annex III Chemicals: Methyl-parathion (Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) at or above 19.5% active ingredient and dusts at or above 1.5% active ingredient), Rotterdam Convention 4 : Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors|Organophosphate insecticides|Methyl esters|Phosphorothioates |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。