| 词条 | Air Inter Flight 148 |
| 释义 |
| name = Air Inter Flight 148 | occurrence_type = Accident | image = Air Inter Airbus A320-111 Gilliand-1.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = F-GGED, the aircraft involved in the accident, at Charles de Gaulle Airport on 6 January 1991 | date = 20 January 1992 | type = Controlled flight into terrain due to ATC error and incorrect descent angle input by captain | site = Barr, near Strasbourg Airport, Strasbourg, France[1] | coordinates = {{Coord|48|25|38.5|N|007|24|18.5|E|region:FR-67_type:event_scale:20000|display=title,inline}} | aircraft_type = Airbus A320-111 | operator = Air Inter | tail_number = {{Airreg|F|GGED}} | origin = Lyon Satolas Airport | destination = Strasbourg Airport | passengers = 90 | crew = 6 | injuries = 9 (5 serious, 4 minor) | fatalities = 87 (82 passengers, 5 crew members) | survivors = 9 (8 passengers, 1 crew member) }}Air Inter Flight 148 was a scheduled passenger flight from Lyon Satolas Airport to Strasbourg Airport in France. On 20 January 1992, the aircraft operating the flight, an Airbus A320, crashed in the Vosges Mountains, France, near Mont Sainte-Odile, while circling to land at Strasbourg Airport. 87 of the 96 people on board were killed, while the remaining nine were all injured.[1] AircraftThe aircraft, an Airbus A320-111, registration F-GGED, serial number 15, first flew on 4 November 1988, and was delivered to Air Inter on 22 December 1988. At the time of the accident the aircraft had accumulated a total of 6,316 airframe hours.[2][3] AccidentFlight 148, commanded by 42-year-old Captain Christian Hecquet and 37-year-old First Officer Joël Cherubin,[4] departed Satolas Airport in Lyon, France. While being vectored for a VOR/DME approach to runway 05 at Strasbourg, it crashed at 19:20:33 CET in the mountains at an altitude of {{convert|2620|ft|m}}.[1] The pilots had no warning of the imminent impact because Air Inter had not equipped its aircraft with a ground proximity warning system (GPWS). It is speculated that this was because Air Inter – facing ferocious competition from France's TGV high-speed trains – may have encouraged its pilots to fly fast at low level (up to 350 knots below 10,000 feet, while other airlines generally do not exceed 250 knots), and GPWS systems gave too many nuisance warnings.[5]{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} The accident occurred at night, under low cloud and with light snow. However, emergency response was slow as journalists were the first to find the crash site over four hours later.[6]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=July 2018}} Flight 148 was the third in a series of crashes caused, at least in part, by what was believed to be pilots' unfamiliarity with the sophisticated computer system of the Airbus A320. The Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA) believe that Flight 148 crashed because the pilots inadvertently left the autopilot set in Vertical Speed mode (instead of Flight Path Angle mode) then entered "33" for "3.3° descent angle", which for the autopilot meant a descent rate of {{convert|3300|ft|m}} per minute.[1] Accident investigators determined that there was no single cause of the accident, but rather multiple factors that contributed to the crash. On the approach to the airport Air Traffic Control incorrectly warned the crew that they were to the "right" of the runway, causing the flight crew to experience high workload. When investigators input the descent rate, which had been set into a flight simulator, the aircraft initially did not crash. Further investigation revealed, however, that when a small amount of turbulence was introduced, a safety feature of the autopilot further increased the descent rate, adding to the chain of events that led to the crash.[5]{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} AftermathAccident investigators recommended 35 changes in their report. Airbus modified the interface of the autopilot so that a vertical speed setting would be displayed as a four-digit number, preventing confusion with the Flight Path Angle mode.[7][8] The flight data recorder was upgraded so that it was able to withstand higher temperatures and for longer.[5]{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} The report also recommended that pilot training for the A320 should be enhanced and that GPWS systems should be installed on them. DramatisationThe story of the disaster was featured on the ninth season of Cineflix television show Mayday in the episode entitled "The Final Blow" (also known as Air Crash Investigation as episode entitled "Crashed and Missing" or "Doomed to Fail" (S09E07)).[5] See also{{Portal|France|Aviation|1990s|Disasters}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1992/f-ed920120/htm/f-ed920120.html |title=Rapport de la commission d'enquête sur l'accident survenu le 20 janvier 1992 près du Mont Sainte-Odile (Bas Rhin) à l'Airbus A 320 immatriculé F-GGED exploité par la compagnie Air Inter |publisher=Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile |accessdate=14 April 2010 |language=fr |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69uWqSbI9?url=http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1992/f-ed920120/htm/f-ed920120.html |archivedate=14 August 2012 |df=dmy }} 2. ^https://reports.aviation-safety.net/1992/19920120-0_A320_F-GGED.pdf 3. ^https://www.airfleets.net/ficheapp/plane-a320-15.htm 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=943318|title=Quatorze ans après, les causes de la catastrophe du mont Sainte-Odile restent incertaines|publisher=Le Monde|date=2 May 2006|accessdate=14 April 2010|language=fr}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Cite episode |title=The Final Blow|series=Mayday|network=Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic Channel|season=9|year=2010}} 6. ^List of Mayday episodes#Season 9 (2009) 7. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521172730/http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/labs/ASL/MODE_AWARENESS/mode_awareness.html |date=21 May 2012 }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/35913 |title=DSpace@MIT: Experimental Study of Vertical Flight Path Mode Awareness |publisher=Dspace.mit.edu |date= |accessdate=2014-02-08}} External links{{commons category|Air Inter Flight 148}}
Further reading
8 : Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error|Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain|Aviation accidents and incidents in France|Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320|Aviation accidents and incidents in 1992|Airliner accidents and incidents caused by design or manufacturing errors|Air Inter accidents and incidents|January 1992 events |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。