| 词条 | Particle-induced gamma emission |
| 释义 |
Particle-induced gamma emission (PIGE) is a form of nuclear reaction analysis, one of the ion beam analysis thin-film analytical techniques. Typically, an MeV proton beam is directed onto a sample which may be tens of microns thick, and the fast protons may excite the target nuclei such that gamma rays are emitted. These may be used to characterise the sample. For example, sodium in glass is of great importance but can be hard to measure non destructively: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) are both sensitive only to the surface few microns of the sample because of the low energy (and consequent high absorption coefficient) of the Na K X-rays (1.05 keV). But, for example, the 23Na(p,p'γ)23Na reaction has a high and relatively well-known cross-section ([https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/ibandl.htm see the IAEA "IBANDL" site]) and is therefore frequently used for determining bulk sodium content of glasses, since the gamma energy (440 keV) is so high that there is effectively no absorption. The IAEA has sponsored the development of a database of PIGE cross-sections.[1] References1. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.09.052 | volume=371 | title=Development of a Reference Database for Particle-Induced Gamma-ray Emission spectroscopy | year=2016 | journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms | pages=33–36 | last1 = Dimitriou | first1 = P. | last2 = Becker | first2 = H.-W. | last3 = Bogdanović-Radović | first3 = I. | last4 = Chiari | first4 = M. | last5 = Goncharov | first5 = A. | last6 = Jesus | first6 = A.P. | last7 = Kakuee | first7 = O. | last8 = Kiss | first8 = A.Z. | last9 = Lagoyannis | first9 = A. | last10 = Räisänen | first10 = J. | last11 = Strivay | first11 = D. | last12 = Zucchiatti | first12 = A.| bibcode = 2016NIMPB.371...33D }} 1 : Medical imaging |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。