| 词条 | Passos Manuel |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = His Excellency | name = Manuel da Silva Passos | honorific-suffix = | image = Passos Manuel - António Manuel da Fonseca (1796-1890).png | imagesize = | office = Minister and Secretary of State of the Affairs of the Kingdom | term_start = 5 November 1836 | term_end = 1 June 1837 | predecessor = The Viscount Banho (not sworn-in) | successor = António Dias de Oliveira | monarch = Maria II | primeminister = The Viscount Sá da Bandeira | office2 = | term_start2 = 10 September 1836 | term_end2 = 4 November 1836 | predecessor2 = Agostinho José Freire | successor2 = The Viscount Banho (not sworn-in) | monarch2 = Maria II | primeminister2 = The Count of Lumiares | birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|01|05|df=yes}} | birth_place = Matosinhos, Portugal | death_date = {{Death date and age|1862|01|16|1801|01|05|df=yes}} | death_place = Santarém, Portugal | restingplace = | party = Septemberist | spouse = {{marriage|Gervásia Joaquina Farinha de Sousa Falcão|28 December 1838}} | occupation = Lawyer, politician | signature = Assinatura Passos Manuel.svg }}Manuel da Silva Passos (5 January 1801 – 16 January 1862) was a Portuguese jurist and politician, one of the most notable personalities of 19th-century Portuguese Liberalism. He is more commonly referred to as Passos Manuel, due to the way he was addressed in Parliament, where members were announced by their surname — "Manuel" being apposed to his surname in order to distinguish him from his brother, José da Silva Passos, who was also a member of Parliament.[1] Following the September Revolution in 1836, Passos Manuel served briefly as Minister of the Kingdom, in which capacity he oversaw an intense legislative effort to modernise Portuguese education and culture, resulting in the creation of many institutions that now recognise him as their founder or reformer: the creation of public lyceums; the establishment of the Academy of Fine Arts in Lisbon and Porto, the reform of the Medico-Surgical Schools in Lisbon and Porto and the {{ill|Lisbon Polytechnic School|pt|Escola Politécnica de Lisboa}} and the {{ill|Porto Polytechnic Academy|pt|Academia Politécnica do Porto}}. Also notably, he entrusted Almeida Garrett with drawing up a plan to promote national theatre, which resulted in the creation of Queen Maria II National Theatre and the National Conservatory of Dramatic Art.[2] He also introduced the 1836 Administrative Code, the first of its kind in Portugal. A declaration of principles written by Passos Manuel became famous: "I am a Minister of the Queen — the Queen is the head of the whole nation. And before I was for the Left, I was for the Fatherland. The Fatherland is my policy."[3] He married Gervásia Joaquina Farinha de Sousa Falcão on 28 December 1838, and they had two daughters: Beatriz de Passos Manuel, who was granted the title of Viscountess of Passos by King Peter V in 1861 as a reward for her father's services; and Antónia de Passos Manuel, who married Pedro de Sousa Canavarro, grandson of the 1st Baron of Arcossô. References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/575799 |title=O nome dos lugares: Manuel Passos ou Passos Manuel? |last=Saraiva |first=José Cabrita |date=2017-08-10 |website= |publisher=i |access-date=2019-03-17 |quote=}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Passos, Manuel da Silva}}{{Portugal-politician-stub}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/passosms.html |title=Passos (Manuel da Silva) |last=Torres |first=João Romano |website=Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume IV |access-date=17 March 2019 }} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Soriano |first=Simão José da Luz |date=1885 |title=História da Guerra Civil e do Estabelecimento do Governo Parlamentar em Portugal |trans-title=History of the Civil War and the Establishment of Parliamentary Government in Portugal |url=http://purl.pt/12103/3/hg-7364-v/hg-7364-v_item3/index.html#/684 |language=Portuguese |volume=Terceira Epocha, Tomo V |location=Lisbon |publisher=Imprensa Nacional |page=674 |quote=Eu sou ministro da rainha — a rainha é o chefe da nação toda. E antes de eu ser da esquerda já era da patria. A patria é a minha politica.}} 6 : 1801 births|1862 deaths|19th-century Portuguese people|Government ministers of Portugal|People from Matosinhos|Portuguese Freemasons |
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