| 词条 | Patía Valley dry forests |
| 释义 |
|name = Patía Valley dry forests (NT0225) |image = Paisaje del Valle del Patía.jpg |image_size = |image_alt = |caption = Landscape of the Patía Valley in Cauca Department |map= |map_alt = |map_caption = |biogeographic_realm = Neotropical |biome = Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests |animals = |bird_species = |mammal_species = |border = |borders = |area = 2331 |countries = Colombia |elevation = |coordinates = {{coord| 1.956 | -77.128 |region:EC|display=it}} |geology = |rivers = |climate = As: equatorial; summer dry |soil = |conservation = |global200 = |habitat_loss = |habitat_loss_ref = |protected = |protected_ref = }} The Patía Valley dry forests (NT0225) is an ecoregion in southwestern Colombia. It covers a dry valley surrounded by mountains. The original habitat has mostly been destroyed by human activity, although a few pockets remain. Location{{location map|South America|relief=yes|lat_deg=1.956 |lon_deg=-77.128 |caption=Location in South America|width=220px}}The Patía Valley is in southwestern Colombia along the Patía River and its tributaries, surrounded by ranges of the Andes. It has an area of {{convert|233,098|ha}}.{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=WWF Abstract}} It is almost completely surrounded by the Northwestern Andean montane forests ecoregion. The western extension downstream along the Patía River merges into the Chocó-Darién moist forests ecoregion..{{sfn|WildFinder – WWF}} PhysicalThe Patía river flows westward from the Central massif of Colombia, cuts through the Western Cordillera and drains into the Pacific Ocean. In its upper section it runs through cloud forests and montane forests. The central section of the river forms the Patía dry valley. The lower section to the west of the Western Cordillera flows through the Chocó jungles of the Pacific region. The Patía is fed by the Quilcacé, Guachicono, Mayo, Juanambú, Pasto and Guaitara rivers. Average elevation is {{convert|600|to|900|m}}. The soils are sedimentary in origin, with areas of ash from the Puracé and Sotará volcanoes.{{sfn|Constantino}} ClimateThe Köppen climate classification is "As": equatorial; summer dry.{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=Climate Data}} There are rainy seasons from October to November and from April to June. Mean annual rainfall is under {{convert|900|mm}}.{{sfn|Constantino}} At a sample location in the mountains to the south at coordinates {{coord|1.75|-77.25}} the mean monthly temperature is almost constant at just over {{convert|20|C}} throughout the year. Annual rainfall is about {{convert|1750|mm}}. Monthly rainfall varies from {{convert|50.4|mm}} in July to {{convert|221|mm}} in November, with a second peak of {{convert|199.2|mm}} in April.{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=Climate Data}} EcologyThe Patía Valley dry forests ecoregion is in the neotropical realm, in the tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome.{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=WWF Abstract}} The valley has been isolated from similar dry forests areas for long enough for unique flora and fauna to evolve.{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=WWF Abstract}} The ecoregion is part of the {{convert|103,000|km2}} Tumbesian-Andean Valleys Dry Forests global ecoregion, which holds six terrestrial ecoregions: Tumbes-Piura dry forests, Ecuadorian dry forests, Patía Valley dry forests, Magdalena Valley dry forests, Cauca Valley dry forests and Marañón dry forests. The fauna and flora of the global ecoregion have high levels of endemism.{{sfn|Schafer}} FloraRanching and farming, with fire used to clear the land, have destroyed almost all the original vegetation. There are some endemic sub-species. Common plants in the dry valley now include Crescentia cujete, Guazuma ulmifolia, Cassia fistula, Bursera graveolens, Spondias mombin, Bauhinia picta, Ceiba pentandra and Gliricidia sepium. The cactus Pilosocereus colombianus is found in some place, as are Opuntia species The orchid Schomburgkia splendida grows in rocky places.{{sfn|Constantino}} FaunaThere are no endemic species, but some endemic sub-species of birds and butterflies, including the steely-vented hummingbird (Amazilia saucerottei australis) and the Lesser Antillean saltator (Saltator albicollis flavidicollis). Until recently there were many mammals. Remote parts of the valley are still home to collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), red brocket (Mazama americana), Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and cougar (Puma concolor). A population of Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) once nested on the steep walls of the Juanambú and Guaitara rivers, but that species is no longer found in the region.{{sfn|Constantino}} Endangered mammals include Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) and mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque).{{sfn|Patía Valley dry forests – Myers|loc=All Endangered}} StatusThe World Wildlife Fund gives the Patía Valley dry forests ecoregion the status "Critical/Endangered".{{sfn|Constantino}} Most of the valley has been drastically modified by human activity, but there are still pockets of original vegetation and there are some efforts at conservation on privately owned land. Threats come from excessive hunting and collection of firewood, urban sprawl, agriculture, livestock and road construction.{{sfn|Constantino}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|last=Constantino |first=Emilio |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0225|accessdate=2017-04-16}}
|title=Patía Valley dry forests|work=Global Species|publisher=Myers Enterprises II |url=http://www.globalspecies.org/ecoregions/display/NT0225|accessdate=2017-04-16}}
|title=WildFinder|publisher=WWF: World Wildlife Fund |url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/wildfinder/|accessdate=2017-04-15}}{{refend}}{{Biodiversity of Colombia}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Patia Valley dry forests}} 2 : Neotropical dry broadleaf forests|Ecoregions of Colombia |
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