| 词条 | Paul Jaworski |
| 释义 |
|name = Paul Jaworski |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name = Paul Poluszynski |birth_date = 1900 |birth_place = Poland |death_date = {{death date and given age|1929|1|21|28/29}} |death_place = State Correctional Institution - Rockview |death_cause = Capital punishment by electrocution |resting_place = Prison Cemetery, Rockview[1] |resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|40.85028|-77.77722|}} |residence = |nationality = |ethnicity = |citizenship = |other_names = |known_for = Coverdale armored car robbery |education = |alma_mater = |employer = |occupation = |years_active = |home_town = |height = |weight = |spouse = |partner = |children = |parents = |relations = Sam Jaworski, Tom Pallas, Catherine Logan |website = |footnotes = }}Paul Jaworski (born Paul Poluszynski, 1900, died January 21, 1929) was a Polish-American gangster born in Poland. He immigrated to the United States in 1905. Although born to Catholic parents, when offered the services of a chaplain before his execution Jaworski said:
The first armored car robberyHe was the leader of the "Flatheads" gang, who committed the first-ever armored car robbery, on March 11, 1927.[3][4] The gang stole over $104,000 from an armored vehicle on Bethel Road (now Brightwood Road), Bethel, (now Bethel Park) , 7 miles outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[5] The bandits placed 500 pounds of black powder (stolen the previous day from nearby Mine 3 in Molanaur PA) under the roadbed, and made off with money that was on its way to Coverdale, Pennsylvania for the Pittsburgh Terminal Coal Company. Detroit News payroll robberyThe gang was also known for the payroll robbery of The Detroit News business offices in 1928.[6] ExecutionHe was sentenced to death in Pennsylvania on January 2, but received a stay of execution, until a sanity evaluation could be completed.[7] Jaworski was executed by electric chair in Pennsylvania for a separate payroll robbery which resulted in a murder.[6] The execution took place on January 21, 1929.[8] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |title= Paul Jaworski Paid Supreme Penalty Yesterday; Body Unclaimed |curly= |url=http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid=7040&iid=NEWS-PA-IN_EV_GA.1929_01_22_0001&rc=4204,1062,4287,1104;4309,1062,4496,1104&pid=487118849&ssrc=&fn=Paul&ln=Jaworski&st=g |format= |agency= |work=Indiana Evening Gazette |publisher= |location= Indiana, Pennsylvania|id= |page=1 |date= January 22, 1929 |accessdate=January 10, 2009 |language= |quote= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616205008/http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid%3D7040%26iid%3DNEWS%2DPA%2DIN_EV_GA.1929_01_22_0001%26rc%3D4204%2C1062%2C4287%2C1104%3B4309%2C1062%2C4496%2C1104%26pid%3D487118849%26ssrc%3D%26fn%3DPaul%26ln%3DJaworski%26st%3Dg|dead-url= yes |archivedate=2011-06-16}} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Morton |first=James |title=Gangland International: The Mafia and Other Mobs |url= |format= |accessdate= |year=2002 |publisher= |location= |isbn= 0-7515-2237-6|oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= 235–236 |chapter=10: Cleveland|chapterurl= |quote= "Of course pre-war crime in Cleveland had not been wholly from the Italian and Jewish element. There were at least two major Polish-led gangs of robbers. One was the Flatheads led by Paul Jaworski. On 13 September 1928 when Jaworski and Frank "Whitey" Kraft were caught in a restaurant, Kraft ran out the back but Jaworski holed up in Chambers Avenue. He was driven out by tear gas and was shot. It was not thought he would survive, but he did so. He has already shot a prison guard escaping from Pittsburgh, and was said to have killed up to 26 people including a former gang member who was also a drug addict. Jaworski, rather than see him suffer, threw his body in the river. Returned to Pennsylvania where he was electrocuted." "Shortly before his execution, Jaworski sent his friends a postcard with his future address - 45 Hellsfire Road, 6/14 miles from Hell. Father Pat O'Brien would not have used him as an example. Frank "Whitey" Kraft was later killed by police in Detroit." |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=|origyear=1998}} 3. ^Top 10 Inventions in Money Technology | ATM Marketplace {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102013914/http://www.atmmarketplace.com/news_story.htm?i=16578 |date=November 2, 2005 }} 4. ^On-This-Day.com - March 11 5. ^{{cite journal |title=Bandits Dynamite Armored Pay Car and Take $104,250 |journal=New York Times |issue=March 12 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C13FA3C591B7A93C0A81788D85F438285F9&scp=18&sq=Coverdale,%20Pennsylvania&st=cse |date=1927-03-12 |accessdate=November 6, 2013}} 6. ^1 The Great Detroit News Payroll Robbery, Detroit History, at detnews.com, 5/1/2000 {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120713051244/http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=123&category=events |date=July 13, 2012 }} 7. ^{{cite news | title = Tests Sanity of Jaworski | url = http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid=51741&iid=News-PE-MO_HE-51741_1929_01_05_0003&rc=3740,758,3803,787;3819,758,3960,787&pid=487101443&ssrc=&fn=Paul&ln=Jaworski&st=g | format = | agency = | work = The Morning Herald | publisher = | location = Uniontown, Pennsylvania | id = | page = 3 | date = January 5, 1929 | accessdate =January 10, 2009 | language = | quote = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110616205224/http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid%3D51741%26iid%3DNews%2DPE%2DMO_HE%2D51741_1929_01_05_0003%26rc%3D3740%2C758%2C3803%2C787%3B3819%2C758%2C3960%2C787%26pid%3D487101443%26ssrc%3D%26fn%3DPaul%26ln%3DJaworski%26st%3Dg | dead-url = yes | archivedate = 2011-06-16 }} 8. ^{{cite news | title = Paul Jaworski to be executed this morning | url = http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid=51741&iid=News-PE-MO_HE-51741_1929_01_21_0001&rc=108,963,508,1184;608,963,1408,1184;3916,1954,3996,1992;4016,1954,4196,1992;3637,2854,3702,2879;3719,2854,3866,2879&pid=487117825&ssrc=&fn=Paul&ln=Jaworski&st=g | format = | agency = | work = The Morning Herald | publisher = | location = Uniontown, Pennsylvania | id = | page = 1 | date = January 21, 1929 | accessdate =January 10, 2009 | language = | quote = | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110616205433/http://content.ancestry.com/browse/view.aspx?dbid%3D51741%26iid%3DNews%2DPE%2DMO_HE%2D51741_1929_01_21_0001%26rc%3D108%2C963%2C508%2C1184%3B608%2C963%2C1408%2C1184%3B3916%2C1954%2C3996%2C1992%3B4016%2C1954%2C4196%2C1992%3B3637%2C2854%2C3702%2C2879%3B3719%2C2854%2C3866%2C2879%26pid%3D487117825%26ssrc%3D%26fn%3DPaul%26ln%3DJaworski%26st%3Dg | dead-url = yes | archivedate = 2011-06-16 }}
|oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaworski, Paul}} 19 : 1900 births|1929 deaths|People from Pennsylvania|American people of Polish descent|American bank robbers|People executed for murder|Executed Polish people|20th-century executions by Pennsylvania|People executed by Pennsylvania by electric chair|20th-century executions of American people|Polish people executed abroad|American people convicted of murder|People convicted of murder by Pennsylvania|People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|American atheists|History of Detroit|People from Cleveland|American mobsters|Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。