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词条 Paul M. Sharp
释义

  1. Education

  2. Career and research

      Awards and honours  

  3. Personal life

  4. References

{{For|other people called Paul Sharp|Paul Sharp (disambiguation){{!}}Paul Sharp}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}{{Infobox scientist
| name = Paul Sharp
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominal|FRS|FRSE|MRIA|size=100%}}
| birth_name = Paul Martin Sharp
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1957|09|12}}[1]
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
  • CLUSTAL[2][3]
  • Codon Adaptation Index[4]}}

| thesis_title = Quantitative genetics of Drosophila melanogaster - variation in male mating ability
| thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330579
| thesis_year = 1982
| notable_students = Desmond G. Higgins (postdoc)[1]
| doctoral_students = Kenneth H. Wolfe[2][3]
| fields = {{Plainlist |
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Viral evolution
  • Codon usage[4]
  • HIV
  • Malaria[5]}}

| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Edinburgh
  • University of Nottingham
  • University of Dublin[6]}}

|alma_mater = University of Edinburgh (BSc, PhD)
|awards = EMBO Member (1992)[7]
| doctoral_advisor = Alan Robertson[12]
| website ={{URL|http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/paul-sharp(ed91461c-d4f2-497d-8621-2ec9be212726).html}}}}Paul Martin Sharp (born 1957)[8] {{post-nominals|FRS|FRSE|MRIA}}[14][9] is Professor of Genetics at the University of Edinburgh, where he holds the Alan Robertson chair of genetics in the Institute of Evolutionary Biology.[10][11][12][13]

Education

Sharp was educated at the University of Edinburgh where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in 1979[8][14] followed by a PhD in 1982 for research using quantitative genetics on the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster supervised by Alan Robertson.[10][15]

Career and research

Sharp has held academic posts at Trinity College, Dublin from 1982 to 1993,[6] the University of Nottingham from 1993 to 2007[6] and was appointed Professor at the University of Edinburgh in 2007.[6]

Sharp's research investigates the evolutionary origin of bacteria and viruses.[14][16][17] He has carried out important work into the origin of HIV and its transmission from chimpanzees to humans. He also discovered that the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium, originated in gorillas.[14] He was one of the first researchers to use DNA sequence databases to gain insight into evolutionary processes. His work amplifying DNA from chimpanzee faecal samples showed that HIV type 1 was transmitted to humans from a specific chimp population in West Africa in the early 20th century. Paul went on to examine his collection of ape faecal samples for plasmodium parasites, finding a likely candidate for the form that causes malaria in humans.[14][18]

In the eighties, Sharp collaborated with Desmond G. Higgins during the creation of CLUSTAL,[19][20] a suite of multiple sequence alignment programs that have become widely used and highly influential.[21] His research has been funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).[22] His former doctoral students include Kenneth H. Wolfe.

Awards and honours

Sharp was elected member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 1992,[7] and was President of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution{{when|date=April 2016}}. He was elected member of the Royal Irish Academy in 1993,[14] a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) in 2010[9] and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2013.[23]

Personal life

Sharps's entry in Who's Who lists his recreations as hill walking, pteridology and, since 1967, supporting Nottingham Forest Football Club.[8]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://academictree.org/compbio/peopleinfo.php?pid=58293|website=academictree.org|title=Paul M. Sharp: Computational Biology Tree}}
2. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=147446}}
3. ^{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=Trinity College, Dublin|title=Rates of nucleotide substitution in higher plants and mammals|first= Kenneth H.|last=Wolfe|authorlink=Kenneth H. Wolfe|date=1990|url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/301416258/|oclc=842511087}}
4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Sharp|first1=Paul M.|last2=Li|first2=Wen-Hsiung|title=The codon adaptation index-a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications|journal=Nucleic Acids Research|volume=15|issue=3|year=1987|pages=1281–1295|pmid=3547335|pmc=340524|doi=10.1093/nar/15.3.1281}}
5. ^{{Google scholar id}}
6. ^1 2 3 Paul Sharp's {{ORCID|0000-0001-9771-543X}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119102001/http://people.embo.org/profile/paul-m-sharp|title=Paul M. Sharp University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom|publisher=EMBO|location=Hedelberg|archivedate=2016-01-19|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/paul-m-sharp}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{Who's Who | author=Anon| surname = Sharp | othernames = Prof. Paul Martin | id = U271679 | year = 2016 | doi =10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.271679 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}}
9. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330014912/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/lists/fellows.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-30|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/lists/fellows.pdf |publisher=Royal Society of Edinburgh|location=Edinburgh|title=Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellows as of 2016-05-13}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412152242/http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/paul-sharp(ed91461c-d4f2-497d-8621-2ec9be212726).html|archivedate=2016-04-12|url=http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/paul-sharp(ed91461c-d4f2-497d-8621-2ec9be212726).html|publisher=University of Edinburgh|location=Edinburgh|title=Professor Paul M. Sharp, FRS, FRSE, MRIA: Alan Robertson Chair of Genetics}}
11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Sharp|first1=P. M.|last2=Hahn|first2=B. H.|title=Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=1|issue=1|year=2011|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006841|pmc=3234451|pmid=22229120|pages=a006841}}
12. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917062838/http://www.ed.ac.uk/biology/evolutionary-biology/staff-profiles|archivedate=2015-09-17|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/biology/evolutionary-biology/staff-profiles|location=Edinburgh|publisher=University of Edinburgh|title=Staff profiles: Institute of Evolutionary Biology}}
13. ^{{EuropePMC|ORCID=0000-0001-9771-543X}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413101949/https://www.ria.ie/paul-martin-sharp|archivedate=2016-04-13|url=https://www.ria.ie/paul-martin-sharp|title=Paul Martin Sharp BSc, PhD (Edin 1979, 1982). FRS, FRSE|publisher=Royal Irish Academy|location=Dublin}}
15. ^1 {{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Edinburgh|title=Quantitative genetics of Drosophila melanogaster : variation in male mating ability|first= Paul Martin|last=Sharp|date=1982|url=https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/14397|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.330579}} |oclc=606022632|hdl=1842/14397|website=lib.ed.ac.uk}} {{open access}}
16. ^{{Scopus id}}
17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hahn|first1=Beatrice H.|last2=Shaw|first2=George M.|last3=Cock|first3=Kevin M. De|last4=Sharp|first4=Paul M.|title=AIDS as a Zoonosis: Scientific and Public Health Implications|journal=Science|volume=287|issue=5453|year=2000|pages=607–614|doi=10.1126/science.287.5453.607|pmid=10649986}}
18. ^{{cite journal|last1=Gao|first1=Feng|last2=Bailes|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Robertson|first3=David L.|last4=Chen|first4=Yalu|last5=Rodenburg|first5=Cynthia M.|last6=Michael|first6=Scott F.|last7=Cummins|first7=Larry B.|last8=Arthur|first8=Larry O.|last9=Peeters|first9=Martine|last10=Shaw|first10=George M.|last11=Sharp|first11=Paul M.|last12=Hahn|first12=Beatrice H.|journal=Nature|volume=397|issue=6718|year=1999|pages=436–441|doi=10.1038/17130|title=Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes|pmid= 9989410}}
19. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Higgins|first1=Desmond G.|last2=Sharp|first2=Paul M.|title=CLUSTAL: a package for performing multiple sequence alignment on a microcomputer|journal=Gene|volume=73|issue=1|year=1988|pages=237–244|doi=10.1016/0378-1119(88)90330-7|pmid=3243435}}
20. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Higgins|first1=Desmond G.|last2=Sharp|first2=Paul M.|title=Fast and sensitive multiple sequence alignments on a microcomputer|journal=Bioinformatics|volume=5|issue=2|year=1989|pages=151–153|doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/5.2.151|pmid=2720464}}
21. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/514550a| pmid = 25355343| title = The top 100 papers: Nature explores the most-cited research of all time| journal = Nature| volume = 514| issue = 7524| pages = 550–3| year = 2014| last1 = Van Noorden | first1 = R. | last2 = Maher | first2 = B. | last3 = Nuzzo | first3 = R. }}
22. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412153135/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/D27A3252-BA7C-4734-BE17-FA922DA50EAE|title=UK Government grants awarded to Paul M. Sharp|publisher=Research Councils UK|location=Swindon|archivedate=2016-04-12|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/D27A3252-BA7C-4734-BE17-FA922DA50EAE}}
23. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117102803/https://royalsociety.org/people/paul-sharp-12262/|title=Professor Paul Sharp FRS|publisher=Royal Society|location=London|archivedate=2015-11-17|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/paul-sharp-12262/|author=Anon|year=2013}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --{{cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |accessdate=2016-03-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archivedate=25 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}}}
{{FRS 2013}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharp, Paul Martin}}

7 : Living people|1957 births|Bioinformaticians|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the Royal Irish Academy|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
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