“Pedimental sculptures in the United States”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Pedimental sculptures in the United States – sculptures within the frame of a pediment on the exterior of a building. Pedimental sculptures pose special challenges to sculptors: the triangular composition limits the choices for figures or ornament at the ends, and the sculpture must be designed to be viewed both from below and from a distance.

History

Pedimental sculptures in the United States were rare prior to the 1880s, most surviving examples in cities along the east coast. The earliest seems to be Whitehall (1765), outside Annapolis, Maryland, attributed to English architect Joseph Horatio Anderson and English-born carver William Buckland. Greek Revival architecture was dominant throughout the first half of the 19th century, but almost always with chaste, blank pediments. It was only post-Civil War, with the advent of the American Renaissance and the City Beautiful movement – especially the architectural vision of "The White City" presented at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 – that the use of sculpture in pediments increased dramatically. The advent of the Great Depression of the 1930s largely brought the use of pediment sculpture to a halt, with the exception of federal government buildings in Washington, D.C.

Compositionally, the restrictions imposed by both the physical triangular shape of a pediment, and the traditional themes that are usually employed for the subject matter, are, according to Professor Gardner of Oxford University, “as exactly regulated as that of a sonnet or a Spencerian stanza:the artist has liberty only in certain directions and must not violate the laws of rhythm.”^[1]

As with the ancient Greeks, and the Roman architects and sculptors who followed them, American artists had two different structural approaches creating pedimental sculpture. They are either freestanding statues that stand on the bed (the ledge or cornice that creates the bottom of the pediment), or they can be relief sculpture, attached to the back wall of the pediment.^[2]

Pedimental sculptures in Washington, D.C. (by building)

Pedimental sculptures (by state, city & building)

Alabama

Arizona

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Georgia

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Tennessee

Utah

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

References

1. ^Price, Matlack, "The Problem of the Pediment," The Architectural Forum, July 1925, Volume XLIII, Number 1, pp. 1.
2. ^Webb, Pamela A., Hellenistic Architectural Sculpture: Figural Motifs in Western Anatolia and the Aegean Islands, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, 1996 pp.23-25
3. ^Spirit of Progress and Civilization Pediment, from SIRIS.
4. ^Bond of Postal Union, from SIRIS.
5. ^Louise Todd Ambler, et al., The Sculpture of Walker Hancock, exhibition catalogue, (Cape Ann Historical Association, 1989), pp. 23-27.
6. ^Africa and Europe Pediment, from SIRIS.
7. ^America and Asia Pediment, from SIRIS.
8. ^Eagle Pediment and Neoclassical Relief Panels, from SIRIS.
9. ^Eagle Pediment, from SIRIS.
10. ^{{cite web|title=Central Public Library, District of Columbia|url=https://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/69000290.pdf|website=NRHP Nomination Document|accessdate=18 December 2016}}
11. ^War, from SIRIS.
12. ^Fisheries Pediment, from SIRIS.
13. ^Mining Pediment, from SIRIS.
14. ^Foreign and Domestic Commerce Pediment, from SIRIS.
15. ^Aeronautics Pediment, from SIRIS.
16. ^Drafting the Declaration of Independence, from SIRIS.
17. ^Department of Justice Building, from SIRIS.
18. ^America Fostering the Arts and Industries and Atlantes, from SIRIS.
19. ^Columbia Pediment, from SIRIS.
20. ^[https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2014/10/01/symbols-of-significance-the-pediments-of-the-national-archives-building/ Symbols of Significance: The Pediments of the National Archives Building], from National Archives.
21. ^Recorder of the Archives, from SIRIS.
22. ^Destiny Pediment, from SIRIS.
23. ^{{cite book |last1=Gurney |first1=George |title=Sculpture and the Federal Triangle |date=1985 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87474-492-X |pages=198, 223, 238}}
24. ^Eagle Pediment, from SIRIS.
25. ^Eagle, from University of Virginia.
26. ^William Cororan on Renwick Building, from SIRIS.
27. ^The Genius of America, from SIRIS.
28. ^¹²Architect of the Capitol Under the Direction of the Joint Committee on the Library, Compilation of Works of Art and Other Objects in the United States Capitol, United States Government Printing Office, Washington 1965 p. 378
29. ^The Progress of Civilization, from SIRIS.
30. ^¹Architect of the Capitol Under the Direction of the Joint Committee on the Library, Compilation of Works of Art and Other Objects in the United States Capitol, United States Government Printing Office, Washington 1965 p. 380
31. ^Apotheosis of Democracy, from SIRIS.
32. ^Labor and Industry, from SIRIS.
33. ^Abundance and Industry, from SIRIS.
34. ^Fruit Pediment, from SIRIS.
35. ^Flowers Pediment. from SIRIS.
36. ^Cereals, from SIRIS.
37. ^Forestry, from SIRIS.
38. ^Interstate Transportation, from SIRIS.
39. ^Commerce and Communications, from SIRIS.
40. ^Equal Justice Under Law, from SIRIS.
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/westpediment.pdf |title=The West Pediment Information Sheet|publisher=SupremeCourt.Gov}}
42. ^Justice, the Guardian of Liberty, from SIRIS.
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/eastpediment.pdf |title=The East Pediment Information Sheet|publisher=SupremeCourt.Gov}}
44. ^Santa Cruz County Courthouse, from SIRIS.
45. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=97001664}} |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Inyo County Courthouse |author=Judy Triem and Mitch Stone |date=July 7, 1997 |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=97001664|title=accompanying seven photos|photos=y}}
46. ^California, from SIRIS.
47. ^Into the Highlands of the Mind Let Me Go, from SIRIS.
48. ^Bring Me Men to Match My Mountains, from SIRIS.
49. ^Greek Pediment, from SIRIS.
50. ^J. R. Miller & T. L. Pflueger, Architects, [https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2000.421 Exterior Rendering of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Building], from San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
51. ^An Allegorical Group, from SIRIS.
52. ^Therese Poletti & Tom Paiva, Art Deco San Francisco: The Architecture of Timothy Pflueger (Princeton Architectural Press, 2008)
53. ^¹City Hall Pediments, from SIRIS.
54. ^Pediment Bas-Relief, from SIRIS.
55. ^Neptune and Neraids, from SIRIS.
56. ^Kvaran & Lockley
57. ^New Haven County Courthouse, from SIRIS.
58. ^Mary E. O'Leary, New Haven Superior Courthouse once again a jewel on the Green, New Haven Register (April 6, 2015).
59. ^Capitol Building - Pediment, from SIRIS.
60. ^Timothy Crimmins & Anne H. Farrisee, Democracy Restored: A History of the Georgia State Capitol (University of Georgia Press, 2007), p. 9.[https://books.google.com/books?id=owfkLL-gvXAC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=george+crouch+sculptor&source=bl&ots=OKpOSQalqe&sig=USyWmUxDJkqna9M7KGIcApwGuv8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy-_GGqIrQAhVo2oMKHeHtAyIQ6AEIJTAC#v=onepage&q=george%20crouch%20sculptor&f=false]
61. ^Boise High School Portico, from SIRIS.
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/pdfs/223437.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Kankakee County Courthouse / Courthouse Square |publisher=State of Illinois |author=Mardene Hinton and Terri Hult |date=September 10, 2006 |accessdate=November 5, 2016 |page=8}}
63. ^Circle Theater Reliefs, from SIRIS.
64. ^Tippecanoe County Courthouse, from SIRIS.
65. ^Boone County Courthouse, from SIRIS,
66. ^{{cite web|title=Macbride Hall|url=https://mnh.uiowa.edu/macbride-hall|website=University of Iowa|accessdate=1 December 2016}}
67. ^{{cite web|title=First Newton National Bank celebrates 80th anniversary|url=http://www.newtondailynews.com/2012/12/14/first-newton-national-bank-celebrates-80th-anniversary/a61kzsy/?page=1|website=Newton Daily News|accessdate=14 November 2016}}
68. ^{{cite web|title=Newton Downtown Historic District|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/14000665.pdf|website=National Register Historical Places application|accessdate=14 November 2016}}
69. ^{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.thecarnegie.com/wordpress/about/history|website=Carnegie Theater|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
70. ^{{cite book|last1=Tenkotte|first1=Paul A.|last2=Claypool|first2=James C.|title=Encyclopedia of Northern Kentucky|date=13 January 2015|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|page=156|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zc0eBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA156|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
71. ^The Pediment Frieze, from SIRIS.
72. ^Louisville City Hall, from SIRIS.
73. ^Samuel Wilson, Jr., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4232041?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents "Pietro Cardelli, Sculptor of the Cabildo's Eagle,"] Louisiana History: Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 21, no. 4 (Autumn 1980), pp. 399-405.
74. ^Architect Benjamin Latrobe's 1819 elevation of the Cabildo, from Historic New Orleans Collection.
75. ^Patricia Heintzelman (June 30, 1975) {{NHLS url|id=66000373|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: The Cabildo}}, National Park Service and {{NHLS url|id=66000373|title=Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1968.|photos=y}}
76. ^{{cite web|title=Gallier Hall|url=http://www.knowla.org/entry/575/|website=Encyclopedia of Louisiana|accessdate=26 November 2016}}
77. ^Seal of Province of Maryland, from SIRIS.
78. ^Recreation Pier Relief, from SIRIS.
79. ^{{cite web|url=https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-70.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: First Unitarian Church|date=August 1971|accessdate=2016-11-07 |author=W. Bruce Morton, III|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1296&ResourceType=Building|title=First Unitarian Church|accessdate=2016-11-07|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308073619/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1296&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2009-03-08|df=}}
81. ^To the Fine Arts, from SIRIS.
82. ^{{cite web|title=A Historic Building|url=http://www.bridgeoflife.org/our-campus/an-historic-building/|website=Bridge of Life Church (current owners)|accessdate=7 November 2016}}
83. ^New Bedford Industries and City Seal, from SIRIS.
84. ^{{cite web|title=New Bedford Institution for Savings|url=http://www.davidjrusso.com/architecture/brigham/buildings/AddressSummary.php?id=11956995695003|website=David J. Russo (on Charles Brigham)|accessdate=16 November 2016}}
85. ^Anthony J. Kuzniewski, Thy Honored Name: A History of the College of the Holy Cross, 1843–1994 (CUA Press, 1999), p. 246.
86. ^General Anthony Wayne and Indians Conducting a Treaty, from SIRIS.
87. ^The Rise and Progress of Michigan, from SIRIS.
88. ^Mississippi State Capitol, from SIRIS.
89. ^The Pediment Sculptures, from Welty Biennial.
90. ^Illinois Memorial, from SIRIS.
91. ^Missouri State Capitol - Pediment for South Entrance, from SIRIS.
92. ^{{cite news|last1=Bryant|first1=Tim|title=Masonic Temple to go on sale|url=http://www.stltoday.com/business/local/masonic-temple-to-go-on-sale/article_cbc02154-db35-5278-ad04-b0c6366f5a51.html|accessdate=21 November 2016|publisher=St. Louis Post Dispatch|date=12 Dec 2014}}
93. ^{{cite web|title=Victor Berlendis, 1867-1947, Architectural Sculptor|url=http://www.stlouisarchitecture.org/pdf/2012%20Winter%20A.pdf|website=Society of Architectural Historians Missouri Chapter|accessdate=21 November 2016}}
94. ^{{cite web|title=A Monument in Stone|url=http://www.chsfomaha.org/images/Documents/monumentinstone1.pdf|website=Central High School Omaha|accessdate=17 November 2016}}
95. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=89002232}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Pawnee County Courthouse / PW06-54 |publisher=National Park Service|author=Barbara Beving Long |date=November 8, 1989 |accessdate=August 28, 2017}} With {{NRHP url|id=89002232|photos=y|title=three photos from 1988}}.
96. ^{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=89002221}}|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Washington County Courthouse / WN02-1 |publisher=National Park Service|author=Barbara Beving Long |date=November 8, 1989 |accessdate=July 6, 2018}} With {{NRHP url|id=89002221|photos=y|title=accompanying four photos from 1989}}
97. ^Latchis Building Pediment, from SIRIS.
98. ^Dover City Seal, from SIRIS.
99. ^Cornelius Weygandt, ed., New Hampshire: A Guide to the Granite State (Federal Writers' Project, 1938), p. 145.
100. ^St. Joseph with Infant Child, from SIRIS.
101. ^{{cite web|title=Jersey City Past and Present|url=http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/C_Pages/City_Hall.htm|website=NJCU.edu|accessdate=1 February 2018}}
102. ^{{cite web|title=City Hall|url=http://jerseycitylandmarks.com/cityhall.shtml|website=Jersey City Landmarks|accessdate=1 February 2018}}
103. ^Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Pediment and Reliefs, from SIRIS.
104. ^"The outside pediment to the south is void of statuary, waiting for a donation ..." – George Cary, [https://books.google.com/books?id=pBs8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA386-IA1&dq=%22new+home+of+the+Historical+Society%22&hl=en&ei=5ylcTezfFYqDgAfeiL3hDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22new%20home%20of%20the%20Historical%20Society%22&f=false "The New Home of the Historical Society: The Building Described by Its Architect,"] Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society (Buffalo, New York: 1902), vol. 5, p. 408.
105. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: The New York State Building, Pan American Exposition 1901 / the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Building|url={{NHLS url|id=80002606}} |format=pdf|date=January 13, 1986 |author1=George Rollie Adams |author2=Thomas E. Leary |author3=Scott Eberle |last-author-amp=yes | publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=80002606|title=Accompanying photos, from 1985|photos=y}} {{small|(416 KB)}}
106. ^Greene County Courthouse, from SIRIS.
107. ^Hall of Christ, from SIRIS.
108. ^"First Service in the Aula Christi," The Chautauquan, vol. 52, no. 3 (November 1908), pp. 443-46.[https://books.google.com/books?id=l78RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA443&lpg=PA443&dq=aula+christi+chautauqua&source=bl&ots=dqOjSEN4eS&sig=ENkbQgsuqP_WmyXEDg6kj8vrQ5E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9g8jczYzQAhVBKGMKHcb-BhMQ6AEINjAF#v=onepage&q&f=false]
109. ^Liberty and Others, from SIRIS.
110. ^Primate House, from SIRIS.
111. ^Lion House, from SIRIS.
112. ^Science and Art, from SIRIS.
113. ^Morning and Evening of Life, from SIRIS.
114. ^{{cite web|title=The People's Trust Company Building|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/lpc/downloads/pdf/proposed_landmarks/Peoples%20Trust%20Company%20Building%20181%20Montague%20Street%20BK.pdf|website=NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission|accessdate=18 December 2016}}
115. ^Triumph of Law, from SIRIS.
116. ^Dunlap, David W. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/15/realestate/a-future-for-madison-square-s-past.html "A Future for Madison Square's Past"], The New York Times (July 15, 2001)
117. ^Postal, Mathew A.; Presa, Donald G.; et al. "NYCLPC Madison Square North Historic District Designation Report" New York Landmarks Preservation Commission (June 26, 2001)
118. ^Bowery Savings Bank Pediments, from SIRIS.
119. ^Pediment on H. C. Frick Residence, from SIRIS.
120. ^"American Stone Carving and Sculpture," Stone; An Illustrated Magazine, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1914), pp. 641-43.[https://books.google.com/books?id=hR0AAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA641&lpg=PA641&dq=philip+martiny+frick&source=bl&ots=KoZH60cv5o&sig=Nle066Bx9PIuHR54v9Q6s76-BA4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiG0ueE9IrQAhVoyFQKHciqAVIQ6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q&f=false]
121. ^Helen Weston Henderson, A Loiterer in New York: Discoveries Made by a Rambler through Obvious Yet Unsought Highways and Byways (Doran, 1917), p. 323.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UiIzAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA323&lpg=PA323&dq=philip+martiny+frick&source=bl&ots=ZcaHT4LlVw&sig=b2Fcglqs4ibynfCQ79yvrsqhZrY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiG0ueE9IrQAhVoyFQKHciqAVIQ6AEIOjAH#v=onepage&q&f=false]
122. ^Commodore Vanderbilt, from SIRIS.
123. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=y3YhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=weinman+The+Adoration+of+the+Shrine+of+Truth&source=bl&ots=69lToiz7bq&sig=d5U4nsEw9Q8cZr-TcMrpu2e5Jh8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2g5WU-sbQAhUJ54MKHW9FCa4Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=weinman%20The%20Adoration%20of%20the%20Shrine%20of%20Truth&f=false "Re-Erection of a Well-Known Pediment"], Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. 15, no. 12 (December 1920), p. 276.
124. ^{{cite web|title=Police Building Apartments|url=http://www.nyc-architecture.com/SOH/SOH036.htm|website=New York Architecture|accessdate=13 November 2016}}
125. ^Pediment for the New York County Courthouse, from SIRIS.
126. ^{{cite web|last1=Carter|first1=Horsley|title=The Bank Building, 300 West 14th Street|url=https://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/west-village/the-bank-building-300-west-14th-street/review/5940|website=City Realty|accessdate=9 November 2016}}
127. ^The Arts, from SIRIS.
128. ^History, from SIRIS.
129. ^New York Stock Exchange Pediment, from SIRIS.
130. ^{{cite web|title=St. Andrew's Church|url=http://www.nyc-architecture.com/SCC/SCC023.htm|website=New York Architecture|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
131. ^{{cite web|title=Parish History|url=http://olvsta.org/parish-history|website=Our Lady of Victory and the Church of St. Andrew|accessdate=24 November 2016}}
132. ^Andy Mai & Denis Slattery, "St. Paul statue returns to old Manhattan chapel," The New York Daily News, October 5, 2016.
133. ^Carl Glassman,"After Descending to Earth, St. Paul (the statue) Is Given New Life," Tribeca Trib, February 26, 2016.
134. ^Man and Nature, from SIRIS
135. ^Athena Introduces Asklepios, from SIRIS.
136. ^[ The Infidelity of Asklepios], from SIRIS.
137. ^Stark County Courthouse Pediment, from SIRIS.
138. ^Ohio Historic Places Dictionary, Volume 2 (Somerset Publishers, 1999), p. 1301.
139. ^Pediment - Ameritrust Corporation, from SIRIS.
140. ^Severance Hall Pediment, from SIRIS
141. ^Pediment Group, from SIRIS.
142. ^{{cite web|title=Kirby Hall of Civil Rights|url=https://govlaw.lafayette.edu/kirby-hall-of-civil-rights/|website=Lafayette College|accessdate=17 December 2016}}
143. ^Pedimental Sculpture, from SIRIS.
144. ^Michael C. Kathrens, American Splendor: The Residential Architecture of Horace Trumbauer (Acanthus Press, 2009), p. 67-68.
145. ^Eagle, from SIRIS.
146. ^{{cite journal |last=Baigell |first=Matthew |date=May 1969 |title=James Hoban and the First Bank of the United States |journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=135–136 |jstor=988511}}
147. ^History of Printing, from SIRIS.
148. ^[https://libwww.freelibrary.org/digital/item/36 Sculptor (John Donnelly?) working on the model, 1925], from Free Library of Philadelphia.
149. ^[https://libwww.freelibrary.org/digital/item/75A0027 Model by John Donnelly, 1925], from Free Library of Philadelphia.
150. ^{{cite book|last1=Levy|first1=Florence Nightingale|title=American Art Directory, Volume 14|date=1917|publisher=R.R. Bowker|page=556|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3dFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA556&lpg=PA556|accessdate=17 December 2016}}
151. ^{{cite web|last1=Lattanzio|first1=Vince|title=Education Top Recommended Reuse for Closing Germantown High|url=http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Education-Top-Recommended-Reuse-for-Closing-Germantown-High-203928641.html|website=NBC 10 Philadelphia|accessdate=17 December 2016}}
152. ^[https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display_alldates.cfm/15398 Girard Trust Corn Exchange Bank], from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.
153. ^West Pediment, from SIRIS.
154. ^Philadelphia Museum of Art Pediment, from SIRIS.
155. ^Steven E. Bronson, "The Forgotten Pediment of the Philadelphia Museum of Art," National Sculpture Review (Spring 1976), pp. 16-17.
156. ^John Junius, "The Rodin Museum, Philadelphia," Architecture, vol. 64 (October 1931), pp. 189-95.
157. ^{{cite web|title=William Draper Lewis Hall|url=http://dla.library.upenn.edu/cocoon/dla/archives/image.html?fq=category_facet%3A%22Buildings%22%20AND%20creator%3A%22Rau%2C%20William%20%22&id=ARCHIVES_20050526005&|website=University of Pennsylvania Archives|accessdate=8 November 2016}}
158. ^Charleston City Hall Seal, from SIRIS.
159. ^[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/charleston/cch.htm Charleston City Hall], from National Park Service.
160. ^Poston, Jonathan H., The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City’s Architecture, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina 1997 pp. 166-167.
161. ^{{cite web|title=South Carolina Bank of Charleston|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/charleston/sbc.htm|website=National Park Service|accessdate=9 November 2016}}
162. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/80004481.pdf |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Adams Avenue Historic District}} With [https://npgallery.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Photos/80004481.pdf eight photos, including #6,7 showing pediments].
163. ^East Pediment of the Parthenon, from SIRIS
164. ^Wilbur F. Creighton, The Parthenon In Nashville: From a Personal Viewpoint (self-published, 1968) pp. 21-22.
165. ^West Pediemnt of the Parthenon, from SIRIS
166. ^The Three Muses, from SIRIS.
167. ^George Washington Medallion, from SIRIS.
168. ^Cabel Hall Pediment, from SIRIS.
169. ^Entrance Pediment, from SIRIS.
170. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Nomination: Tyler County Courthouse and Jail|url=http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/tyler/80004044.pdf |format=pdf|date=March 13, 1980 |author=Rodney S. Collins|publisher=National Park Service}}
171. ^Liberty Supported by the Law, from SIRIS.
172. ^Rajer, Anton, Christine Style, Public Sculpture in Wisconsin: An Atlas of Outdoor Monuments, Memorials, and Masterpieces in the Badger State, SOS! Save Outdoor Sculpture, Wisconsin, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison WI, 1999 p. 24
173. ^Wisconsin State Resources, from SIRIS.
174. ^Learning of the World, from SIRIS.
175. ^Wisdom, Thought, and Reflection, from SIRIS.
176. ^Jeramey Jannene. "Germania Building to Become Apartments", Urban Milwaukee, November 11, 2016.
177. ^{{cite web|title=The Milwaukee Ornamental Carving Company|url=http://oldmilwaukee.net/blog/?p=1133|website=Old Milwaukee.net|accessdate=11 November 2016}}