| 词条 | Berwickshire |
| 释义 |
| name = Berwickshire | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Historic county | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = 150px | flag_link = Flag of Berwickshire | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = File:Berwickshire County.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Scotland | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = County town | seat = Berwick (historical) Greenlaw (1596–1890) Duns (modern) | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = UK | area_footnotes = | area_total_sq_mi = 457 | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = {{#if: 457| {{convert|457|sqmi|km2|disp=number|0}}}} | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = {{#if: 20th|Ranked 20th of 34}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = Chapman code | postal_code = BEW | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = }} Berwickshire is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders. It takes its name from Berwick-upon-Tweed, which was part of Scotland at the time of the county's formation, but became part of England in 1482. Formerly the county was often called "the Merse", from Old English {{lang|ang|mǣres}}, "border". From 1596 to 1890 the county town was Greenlaw.[1] However, this was changed to Duns by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, the act which established the system of county councils in Scotland. The county borders Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire to the west, East Lothian and Midlothian to the north, the North Sea to the east and a portion of the Anglo-Scottish border with Northumberland to the south. Local governmentPrior to 1975 Berwickshire contained four burghs and three districts:
The districts of:
The region was divided into four districts, one of which was named Berwickshire District; however its area was not congruent with the county's, with the burgh of Lauder and most of the county's West District included in the Ettrick and Lauderdale District and the parish of Nenthorn included in the Roxburgh District. Berwickshire District Council remained based in Duns, the old county town. The system of regions and districts was in turn abolished in 1996 in favour of unitary councils. Berwickshire is now governed by the unitary Scottish Borders Council. Coat of armsThe county council of Berwickshire was formed in 1890 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, and applied for a grant of arms the same year. The grant, by Lord Lyon King of Arms was made on 10 October. The coat of arms shows a bear chained to a wych elm tree, a pun on the county's name: bear + wych = Berwick.[3] In heraldry, this is known as a canting arms. Upon the abolition of Berwickshire County Council, the arms were regranted to Berwickshire District Council.[4] When the district council was abolished the arms reverted to the Crown. The coat of arms is featured on Berwickshire High School badge. Civil parishes{{See also|List of civil parishes in Scotland}}{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Towns and villages(See Civil parish list above for villages in those parishes) Other places in Berwickshire include:
LegacyThe Berwickshire News is published weekly, and numerous organisations and groups have Berwickshire in their titles (i.e.: the Berwickshire Housing Association, Berwickshire Sports Council). The Berwickshire Civic Society is campaigned for road signs at the entrances to the county to have notices added saying 'You are now entering the ancient county of Berwickshire', and they hold an annual Keep Berwickshire Tidy Campaign, judged each April. The High school west of Duns is named Berwickshire High School, it has been open since 1896. Together with Eyemouth High School they run a Rugby team under the name of Berwickshire schools. The Berwickshire Coastal Path runs from Cockburnspath to Berwick-upon-Tweed ({{convert|28|mile|disp=comma}}). See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43423#s2 |title=Berwick-upon-Tweed - Braidwood | A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (pp. 124-151) |publisher=British-history.ac.uk |date=2003-06-22 |accessdate=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927233452/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=43423#s2 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^{{Citation |last=Moffat |first=Alistair |title=The Borders: a history of the Borders from earliest times |date=2007 |publisher=Edinburgh Birlinn |isbn=978-1-84158-466-9 |page=551 }} 3. ^{{cite book |author=R.M. Urquhart |title=Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry |location=London |date=1973 }} 4. ^{{cite book |author=R.M. Urquhart |title=Scottish Civic Heraldry |location=London |date=1979 }} 5. ^Prior to 1891 Oldhamstocks was partly in Berwickshire and had a detached portion at Butterdean of {{convert|1417|acre|km2}}. The detached portion was transferred to Coldingham, while the main part of the parish is now wholly within East Lothian. See Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, by Francis Groome, 2nd Edition, 1896. Article on Oldhamstocks External links
Berwickshire|position=left}}{{Berwickshire towns and villages}}{{Scotland counties}}{{coord|55|45|N|2|30|W|display=title|region:GB_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki}} 5 : Berwickshire|Former counties of Scotland|Lieutenancy areas of Scotland|History of the Scottish Borders|Counties of the United Kingdom (1801–1922) |
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