“Pleshcheyevo Ozero National Park”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The lake itself is 9 km in diameter, and has a 28 km shoreline. It is 25 meters in depth but shallow around the edges.^[2]^[3] The surrounding shore and region is shaped by the receded glaciers of the last ice age, leaving a moraine-type landscape: gravelly formations of long ridges, extensive wetlands and meandering rivers, and occasional isolated hills. The higher ground above the lake has river valleys with terraces, and the middle region wetlands include peat bogs and other wetlands, including the Berendeyevskoye swamp (5007 hectares). The southern area of the park reached ^[4]

Climate and ecoregion

The climate of Pleshcheyovo is moderate continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb), characterized by four distinct seasons, high variance between winter and summer temperatures, long winters, and short, warm and rainy summers. Average temperatures range from 10 F in January to 64 F in July. Annual precipitation averages 23 inches.^[5] Annual snowcover is 13-=140 cm, and typical depth is 30–40 cm. Soil in mid-winter freezes to a depth of 1 meter.^[4]

The ecoregion of Pleshcheyovo is "Sarmatic Mixed Forests" (WWF ID#436). This ecoregion is a strip of low forests, lakes and wetlands, running from the Baltic Sea east to the Urals. Forest cover is typically mixed conifer and deciduous trees, with large unbroken tracts under pressure from agriculture.^[6] For aquatic habitat, the park is in the "Volga-Ural" freshwater ecoregion (WWF ID#410), a region that is characterized in general by a high number fish species but relatively few endemics. Of the 65 species of fish in the overall ecoregion, 19 are found in Lake Pleshcheyevo. The development of dams, reservoirs and catchments along the Volga have disrupted spawning sites and favored species adapted to slower moving waters.^[7]

Plants

The territory is partially forested, with stands of artificially-introduced Scots Pine (130-150 years ago) along the shore. There are also spruce and aspen forest areas, and some mixed broadleaf with oak trees at their northern limit. The park has recorded 790 species of vascular plants in 93 different families.^[8]

Animals

The park has recorded 300 species of vertebrates, including 60 species of mammals, 210 of birds, 10 of reptiles and amphibians, 109 of insects, and 19 of fish.^[8] A large-sized Vendance, ("Coregonus albus Pereslavicus") (Russian: "Ryapushka"), a freshwater whitefish of the Salmonidae, is endemic to Lake Pleshcheyevo and may be a distinct species.^[7] While endemic, the Ryapushki is not threatened, and served in smoked form as a local delicacy. The health of the Ryapushka has been historically a measure of the health of the lake, as records have been kept of catches and deliveries to the royal court since 1645, through the limiting of large-scale commercial capture in the early 1960s. The Ryapuska was the subject of one of the Russian government's first public acts concerning conservation, when a ban on catching small whitefish was imposed in 1668.^[9]

History

The lake region has been inhabited for millennia, and shows the long interplay of natural and human forces. The ancient city of Pereslavl has a wide variety of historical, cultural, and natural sites. The city draws hundreds of thousands of visitors every year to see its historic buildings and sites.^[3]

Tourism

Pereslavl is a popular tourist destination from Moscow - it is a 2-3 bus ride between the two cities, and the buses run every. Hotels can fill quickly during holidays and peak periods.^[10]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Official Site: Pleshcheyovo National Park|url=http://www.plesheevo-lake.ru/|publisher=FGBU National Park Pleshcheyovo Ozero}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Pleshcheyovo Lake|url=http://www.botik.ru/PZ/sites/lake.html|publisher=Travel site}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|title=Pleshcheevo National Park (in Russian)|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/142/|publisher=Protected Areas Russia}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|title=Pleshcheevo National Park - Physical Characteristics (in Russian)|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/characteristics/142/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA|publisher=Protected Areas Russia|access-date=24 December 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Climate Data, Izhevsk|url=http://www.world-climates.com/city-climate-izhevsk-russia-europe/|publisher=world-climates.com}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Sarmatic Mixed Forests|url=http://www.globalspecies.org/ecoregions/display/PA0436|publisher=globalspecies.org}}
7. ^¹{{cite web|title=Volga-Ural Freshwater Ecoregion(410)|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/410|publisher=World Wildlife Fund}}
8. ^¹{{cite web|title=Pleshcheyovo National Park - Floral and Fauna (in Russian)|url=http://www.plesheevo-lake.ru/|publisher=FGBU National Park Pleshcheyovo Ozero}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=pereslavl whitefish (in Russian)|url=http://www.zapoved.ru/species/941/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation|access-date=24 December 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Lakeside Idylls at Pereslavl-Yalessky (in English)|url=http://rbth.com/articles/2010/06/03/lakeside_idylls_pereslavl_zalessky.html|publisher=Russia Beyond the Headlines}}

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