“Polar Star (airplane)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Polar Star (airplane)

释义

References

name = Polar Star

image = File:Northrop 2B Gamma Polar Star.jpg

caption = Polar Star at the National Air and Space Museum

alt =
}}{{Infobox aircraft career

other names =

type = Northrop 2B Gamma

manufacturer = Northrop

construction number =

construction date =

civil registration = NR12269

military serial =

radio code =

first flight = 1934

owners = Lincoln Ellsworth

in service =

last flight = 1936

flights =

total hours =

total distance =

status =

aircraft carried =

fate = preserved

preservation = National Air and Space Museum
}}

Polar Star is the airplane used by polar explorer Lincoln Ellsworth, an early adaptor of airplanes for polar exploration and worked closely with Robert Peary.^[1]Polar Star was an all-metal Northrop Gamma, which had a low-wing, reducing the effects of winds and wide skis that could be swapped with wheels or pontoons and a cruising range of {{cvt|5000|mi|nmi km}}.^[1]Polar Star shipped to the Antarctic in 1934 on HMAS Wyatt Earp, based in Norway. Australian explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins was the advisor and Norwegian-American explorer Bernt Balchen served as the first pilot. The expedition reached the Bay of Whales by ship on 6 January 1934, and Ellsworth intended to make a round-trip flight with Balchen between the Bay of Whales and the Weddell Sea. However, the skis broke on the ice.^[2]

In September 1934 a second attempt to fly Polar Star in the Antarctic was unsuccessful as well.^[2]

Finally, in late 1935, Ellsworth's third attempt with a new pilot, Herbert Hollick-Kenyon, was successful.^[3] The aircraft flew for 14 hours and, although the fuselage was damaged on landing, the aircraft was able to fly again.^[2]

For this achievement, Ellsworth was awarded the National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in April 1936 for distinction within exploration, discovery and research. Also in 1936 he was declared an honorary member of the Norwegian Geographical Society.^[4]

In 1936, Ellsworth donated Polar Star to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. It is now housed at the National Air and Space Museum.^[2]

References

1. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/lincoln-polar-star-180960968/|title=Lincoln Ellsworth’s Polar Star|last=Maksel|first=Rebecca|work=Air & Space Magazine|access-date=2018-03-30}}
2. ^¹²³{{Cite news|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/northrop-gamma-polar-star|title=Northrop Gamma "Polar Star"|date=2016-03-18|work=National Air and Space Museum|access-date=2018-03-30}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1935/11/23/93502793.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=ArticleEndCTA®ion=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article&pageNumber=1|title=Polar Star Is Reserviced.|access-date=2018-03-30}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://frammuseum.no/polar_history/explorers/lincoln_ellsworth__1880-1951_|title=Lincoln Ellsworth (1880-1951) - FramMuseum.no|website=frammuseum.no|access-date=2018-03-30}}

4 : Northrop aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Individual aircraft in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。