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词条 Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery
释义

  1. Location

  2. Description

  3. Excavations and investigations

  4. List of barrows

  5. Notes

  6. References

{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery
|native_name =
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|map_type = Lincolnshire
|map_alt =
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|location = Lincolnshire
|region = East Midlands
|coordinates = {{coord|52.862|-0.679|display=inline, title}}
|type = Barrow cemetery
|part_of =
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|height =
|builder =
|material =
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|abandoned =
|epochs = Bronze Age
|cultures =
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|excavations =
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|notes =
| designation1 =Scheduled Monument
| designation1_offname =Five barrows NW of Heath Farm
| designation1_type =
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| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number =1004998
| designation1_free1name =
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| designation1_free2name =
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| designation1_free3name =
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| designation2 =Scheduled Monument
| designation2_offname =Barrow SW of Stroxton, on parish boundary
| designation2_type =
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| designation2_date =
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| designation2_number =1004999
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The Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery is a group of at least eleven Middle Bronze Age round barrows south of Grantham, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.[1] Five of the barrows were destroyed by ironstone quarrying in 1959; the remaining six are scheduled monuments.[2][3] The sites have been placed on the Heritage at Risk register.

Location

The cemetery is located on Ponton Heath, an area of high ground several miles south of the market town of Grantham. It is centred approximately {{convert|1.2|km}} northeast of the hamlet of Hungerton and {{convert|1.5|km}} southwest of the village of Stroxton. The centre of the area is occupied by the backfilled remains of an ironstone quarry which was active from the 1950s to the 1970s; this activity was responsible for the destruction of five barrows in 1959. Of the surviving monuments, Barrow A is located to the north of the former works, on the parish boundary between Wyville cum Hungerton and Little Ponton and Stroxton. The remaining five, Barrows B, C, F, G and H, are located on the south side of the site.[4]

A low mound, possibly a 12th barrow, is located between and slightly to the north of Barrows C and F.[4]

Description

The surviving barrows are all located on arable farmland which is ploughed and under crop. They are only visible as slight ridges in the ground no more than {{convert|.05|m}} high.[4] Due to the danger of them being ploughed out, the sites have been placed on the Heritage at Risk register.[5][6]

Excavations and investigations

In 1959, following the opening of Harlaxton Quarry No. 4 (or Hungerton Quarry), a rescue excavation was carried out by Ernest Greenfield of the Ministry of Works.[7] He arrived to find much of the topsoil already stripped from the site and several of the barrows pillaged. In Barrow J he found an intact main burial chamber containing a crushed red collared urn, decorated with cord impressions, inverted over burned bone. He also found numerous secondary cremations and stone tools, leading him to classify the builders as the "Yorkshire Food Vessel Culture" in the terminology of the time.[8][9]

The site also contained evidence of later Romano-British occupation. Examination of topsoil removed from the destroyed portion of the site yielded fragments of Roman Samian and grey ware pottery.[4][10] The urn from Barrow J was conveyed to the Lincoln Museum;[8] other artifacts were deposited with the Grantham Museum.[4]

Fieldwalking of the area west of Barrow A in the 1960s and 70s also turned up a large scatter of stone tools,[11] and a child's bronze bracelet dated to the Roman era.[12]{{GeoGroup}}

List of barrows

Barrows on Ponton Heath
NameLocation{{efn|group=note|There are slight discrepancies in the locations of destroyed barrows between the records of Historic England and the Lincolnshire County Council. This table uses the locations given by Historic England.Description and finds
Barrow ASK 88501 30758}}
{{Coord|52.867035|-0.68674876|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow A}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[3][4]
Barrow BSK 88693 30050}}
{{Coord|52.860641|-0.68408990|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow B}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[2][4]
Barrow CSK 88758 30039}}
{{Coord|52.860531|-0.68312773|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow C}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[2][4]
Barrow DSK 88990 30370}}
{{Coord|52.863468|-0.67959255|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow D}}		 Destroyed, unexcavated. Barrow was being covered by a large spoil heap from quarrying and there was no time for excavation.[13]
Barrow ESK 89070 30870}}
{{Coord|52.867948|-0.67826804|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow E}}		 Destroyed. Hastily excavated prior to destruction, classified as an inhumation burial with no skeletal remains. Finds included pottery and a flint knife and fabricator.[9]
Barrow FSK 89104 30067}}
{{Coord|52.860726|-0.67798246|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow F}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[2][4]
Barrow GSK 89172 30091}}
{{Coord|52.860930|-0.67696619|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow G}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[2][4]
Barrow HSK 89230 30117}}
{{Coord|52.861154|-0.67609785|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow H}}		 Intact, currently a scheduled monument.[2][4]
Barrow JSK 89330 30390}}
{{Coord|52.863591|-0.67453821|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow J}}		 Destroyed. Was already seriously damaged when excavated. The main burial chamber was intact and included a smashed pot, decorated with cord impressions, inverted over burned bone. Also included 17 secondary cremations, some in pottery vessels.[8]
Barrow KSK 89390 30350}}
{{Coord|52.863222|-0.67365820|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow K}}		 Destroyed. The primary burial, a pit cremation with flints and pottery, had been pillaged prior to examination.[14]
Barrow LSK 89450 30400}}
{{Coord|52.863661|-0.67275351|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Barrow L}}		 Destroyed. No finds recorded.[15]
Possible 12th barrowSK 88960 30110}}
{{Coord|52.861136|-0.68010894|format=dms|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Possible 12th barrow}}		 Low mound, identified as similar to other barrows. Not excavated or scheduled.[4]

Notes

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI34182&resourceID=1006 | title=Ponton Heath Barrow Cemetery | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{NHLE|num=1004998|desc=Five barrows NW of Heath Farm|access-date=6 November 2015}}
3. ^1 {{NHLE|num=1004999|desc=Barrow SW of Stroxton, on parish boundary|access-date=6 November 2015}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{PastScape|num=323820|access-date=6 November 2015|fewer-links=yes}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Barrow south west of Stroxton, on parish boundary|url=http://risk.historicengland.org.uk/register.aspx?id=1237891&rt=0&pn=1&st=a&mn=1004999&ctype=all&crit=|work=Heritage at Risk|publisher=Historic England|accessdate=28 October 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Five barrows north west of Heath Farm, Great Ponton|url=http://risk.historicengland.org.uk/register.aspx?id=1239168&rt=0&pn=1&st=a&mn=1004998&ctype=all&crit=|work=Heritage at Risk|publisher=Historic England|accessdate=28 October 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archsearch/record.jsf?depositorId=632379&collectionId=304 | title=Ponton Heath, Stroxton | publisher=University of York | work=Archaeology Data Service | accessdate=6 November 2015}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33962&resourceID=1006 | title=Bronze Age barrow, Hungerton quarry | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
9. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33961&resourceID=1006 | title=Bronze Age barrow | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33965&resourceID=1006 | title=Romano-British pottery | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI34845&resourceID=1006 | title=Prehistoric flints | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI30566&resourceID=1006 | title=Romano-British finds | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33960&resourceID=1006 | title=Barrow | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33963&resourceID=1006 | title=Barrow | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MLI33964&resourceID=1006 | title=Barrow, Little Ponton and Stroxton | publisher=Lincolnshire County Council | work=Historic Environment Record | accessdate=5 November 2015}}

References

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5 : Archaeological sites in Lincolnshire|History of Lincolnshire|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Lincolnshire|Bronze Age sites in Lincolnshire|Buildings and structures in Lincolnshire
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