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词条 Porsche Boxster/Cayman
释义

  1. Overview

     Boxster  Cayman   718  

  2. {{anchor|986}}First generation: Boxster (986) (1996–2004)

  3. {{anchor|987}}Second generation: Boxster/Cayman (987) (2005–2012)

  4. {{anchor|981}}Third generation: Boxster/Cayman (981) (2012–2016)

  5. {{anchor|982}}Fourth generation : 718 Boxster/Cayman (982) (2016–present)

  6. Motorsport

      Boxster    Cayman  

  7. Awards

  8. Mechanical issues and lawsuit

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = Porsche Boxster
Porsche Cayman
Porsche 718
| image = FoS20162016 0623 160214AA (27584753770).jpg
| interiorimage = Autostadt Porsche 1.jpg
| caption = Porsche 718 Boxster (982)
| interiorcaption = Porsche 718 Cayman (982)
| manufacturer = Porsche AG
| aka = Porsche Boxster
Porsche Cayman
Porsche 718 Boxster
Porsche 718 Cayman
| production = 1996–present
| model_years = 1997–present
| assembly = {{ubl |Germany: Stuttgart, Zuffenhausen (1996–present) |Finland: Uusikaupunki (Valmet, 1997–2011)[1] |Germany: Osnabrück (2012–present)}}
| class = Sports car (S)
| related = {{unbulleted list|Porsche 911|Ruf RK Spyder|Ruf 3400S}}
| layout = Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive
| predecessor = Porsche 968
}}

The Porsche Boxster and Porsche Cayman are mid-engined two-seater sports cars manufactured and marketed by German automobile manufacturer Porsche across four generations — as a 2-door, 2-passenger roadster (Boxster) and a 3-door, 2-passenger fastback coupé (Cayman).

The first generation Boxster was introduced in 1996; the second generation Boxster and the Cayman arrived in late 2005; and the third generation launched in 2012. Since the introduction of the fourth generation in 2016, the two models are marketed as the Porsche 718 Boxster and Porsche 718 Cayman.

The Boxster and Cayman have been manufactured in Stuttgart (Zuffenhausen), Germany (1996–present) as well as Uusikaupunki, Finland by Valmet (1997–2011) and Osnabrück, Germany (2012–present).

The nameplate Boxster is a portmanteau of boxer, a reference to its flat or boxer engine engine, and roadster, a reference to the body style. The nameplate Cayman is an alternative spelling of caiman, a reptile in the alligator family.

Overview

Boxster

The Porsche Boxster is a mid-engined two-seater roadster. It was Porsche's first road vehicle to be originally designed as a roadster since the 550 Spyder. The first-generation Boxster (the 986) was introduced in late 1996; it was powered by a 2.5-litre flat six-cylinder engine. The design was heavily influenced by the 1992 Boxster Concept. In 2000, the base model was upgraded to a 2.7-litre engine and the new Boxster S variant was introduced with a 3.2-litre engine. In 2003, styling and engine output was upgraded on both variants.

Production of the 986 began at the former Porsche 928 facility in Stuttgart, Germany in 1996. Valmet Automotive also manufactured Boxsters under contract to Porsche at a facility in Uusikaupunki, Finland. The Boxster was Porsche's biggest volume seller from its introduction in 1996 until the company introduced the Cayenne sport utility vehicle in 2003. As of September 2012, additional production of the 981 started at the former Karmann-factory in Osnabrück.[2]

In 2005, Porsche debuted the second generation of Boxster, the type 987, with a more powerful engine and styling inspired by the Carrera GT. Engine output increased in 2007, when both Boxster models received the engines from their corresponding Porsche Cayman variants. In 2009, the Boxster models received several new cosmetic and mechanical upgrades, further increasing engine output and performance. The third generation Boxster (type 981) was launched at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show.

The Boxster's name is derived from the word "boxer", referring to the vehicle's flat or "boxer" engine, and the word "roadster", referring to the vehicle's two-seater capacity and convertible top.

Cayman

First launched in the 2006 model year, the Cayman is a coupé derived from Porsche's second and third generation Boxster roadster, styled in its first iteration by Pinky Lai.{{cn|date=January 2019}} A large percentage of the Boxsters were assembled in Finland for Porsche by Valmet Automotive with others assembled in Zuffenhausen, Stuttgart. All Caymans were manufactured in Finland by Valmet Automotive. Porsche's Deputy Chairman, Holger P. Haerter said the contract with Valmet Automotive would end in 2012, and the Cayman's production was to be outsourced to Magna Steyr in Graz, Austria.[3] As Volkswagen assumed control of Porsche AG, production of Caymans and Boxsters after 2012 began in the former Karmann plant in Osnabrück, Germany, at the time owned by Volkswagen and also used for production of the 2012 Golf (Mk6) convertible.[4]

Cayman is an alternative spelling of caiman, a reptile in the same family as the alligator. The car is not named after the Cayman Islands; rather the islands also derive their name from the caiman. When the first Caymans arrived at dealerships for sale, the automaker adopted four caimans at Stuttgart's Wilhelma Zoo.[5]

Porsche brought an infringement lawsuit in 2009 against Crocs, the maker of the popular rubber shoes. At issue was the footwear company's clog name also called Cayman. An injunction was granted against Crocs Europe, a division of the Longmont, Colorado-based shoe company preventing their use in Germany of the Cayman name.[6]

718

Introduced in 2016 for the 2017 model year, the Porsche Boxster and Cayman were renamed the Porsche 718 Boxster and Porsche 718 Cayman, reviving the historic 718 moniker while switching engines from naturally-aspirated flat sixes to small-displacement flat-four turbocharged units. The new 718 Cayman was also repositioned with an entry price lower than that of the 718 Boxster, in keeping with Porsche's higher pricing for roadster models.[7]

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{{anchor|986}}First generation: Boxster (986) (1996–2004)

{{main|Porsche 986}}

Grant Larson's design, inspired by the 356 Cabriolet, Speedster, and 550 Spyder, stimulated a commercial turnaround for Porsche. Through consultation with Toyota, Porsche began widely sharing parts among models and slashed costs.[8] Many believe the introduction of the Boxster helped save Porsche from acquisition.

By October 1991 following a visit to the Tokyo Motor Show, Porsche in dire straits, began to devise solutions to succeed the poor selling 928 and incoming 968 (a heavy update of 944). In February 1992, Porsche began development of a successor to the 928 (mildly updated for 1992) and recently released 968. By June 1992, out of 4 proposals based on dual collaboration between 986 and 996 (993 successor) design teams, a proposal by Grant Larson and Pinky Lai was chosen by Harm Lagaay. In August 1992, a decision was made to develop the concept into a show vehicle, in time for the 1993 North American International Auto Show. After garnering widespread acclaim from the press and public upon presentation of the Boxster Concept in January 1993, the final production 986 production exterior design by Larson was frozen in March 1993. However, by the second half of 1993, difficulties arose with fitment of some components, resulting in lengthening of the hood and requiring another design freeze by fourth quarter of that year. Prototypes in 968 bodies were built to test mid-engine power train of the 986 by the end of 1993, with proper prototypes surfacing in 1994. Pilot production began in the second half of 1995, ahead of series production in mid-1996.

The Boxster was released ahead of its big brother, the 996. The 986 Boxster had the same bonnet, front wings, headlights, interior and engine architecture as the 996.

All 986 and 987 Boxsters use the M96, a water-cooled, horizontally opposed ("flat"), six-cylinder engine. It was Porsche's first water-cooled non-front engine. In the Boxster, it is placed mid-engine, while in the 911, rear-engine. The flat, mid-engine layout provides a low center of gravity, near-perfect weight distribution, and neutral handling. The engines had a number of failures, resulting in cracked or slipped cylinder liners, which were resolved by a minor redesign and better control of the casting process in late 1999. A failure for these early engines was a spate of porous engine blocks, as the manufacturer had difficulty in the casting process. In addition to causing problems with coolant and oil systems mingling fluids, it also resulted in Porsche's decision to repair faulty engines by boring out the cast sleeves on the cylinders where defects were noted in production and inserting new sleeves rather than scrapping the engine block. Normally, the cylinder walls are cast at the same time as the rest of the engine, this being the reason for adopting the casting technology.

The model received a minor facelift in 2002. The plastic rear window was replaced by a smaller glass window. The interior received a glove compartment, new electro-mechanical hood and trunk release mechanism (with an electronic emergency release in the fuse box panel) and an updated steering wheel. Porsche installed a reworked exhaust pipe and air intake. In addition, the front headlight's amber indicators were replaced with clear indicators. The rear light cluster was also changed with translucent grey turn signals replacing the amber ones. The side marker lights on the front wings were changed as well from amber to clear, except on American market cars where they remained amber. The bumpers were also changed slightly for a more defined, chiseled appearance, and new wheel designs were made available.

{{anchor|987}}Second generation: Boxster/Cayman (987) (2005–2012)

{{main|Porsche 987}}

The second generation of the Boxster debuted at the 2004 Paris Motor Show with the new 911 (997) and became available in 2005.

Revised styling included modified headlights, larger side intake vents and enlarged wheel arches to allow wheels up to 19 inches in diameter. Interior revisions included a more prominent circular theme for the instrument cluster and cooling vents. The base engine is a 2.7L {{convert|176|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} flat-six boxer engine, with the Boxster S getting a 3.2L {{convert|206|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} engine. For 2007 the base Boxster received a revised engine featuring VarioCam Plus, the Boxster S engine was upgraded from 3.2L to 3.4L. These upgrades made the Boxster series and the Cayman series equivalent in terms of power.

The Cayman S fastback coupé (987c) was first unveiled and went on sale in late 2005. The base Cayman followed in July 2006.

Both the Cayman and second generation Boxster roadster share their mid-engined platform and many components, including the front fenders and trunk lid, doors, headlights, taillights, and forward portion of the interior. Styling incorporates cues from the Porsche 356/1, the 550 Coupé and the 904 Coupé.[9][10] The Cayman's hatchback enables access to luggage areas on top of and in the back of the engine cover. The suspension design is fundamentally the same as that of the Boxster with revised settings due to the stiffer chassis with the car's fixed roof.

The Cayman S was powered by a 3.4-litre flat-six mated to a 6-speed manual transaxle, a 2.7-litre engine with 5-speed transmission was standard for the base model. An electronically controlled 5-speed automatic (Tiptronic) was also available on the S and non-S versions.

The Boxster and Boxster S models received a facelift in 2008. Changes included an increase in engine displacement to 2.9L for the Boxster, incorporation of Direct Fuel Injection (DFI) for the Boxster S. Both models now came standard with a new 6-speed manual gearbox and were available with a 7-speed Porsche Doppelkupplungsgetriebe (PDK) dual clutch gearbox. Cosmetic changes included new head and tail lights, larger front air intakes with incorporated day time running lights, and an altered lower rear end flanked by twin diffusers.

A facelift of the Porsche Cayman followed in February 2009. As with the Boxster the base Cayman's engine displacement was increased from 2.9L while the Cayman S gained direct injection. Both the Cayman and Cayman S maintained a {{convert|7|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} power advantage over their roadster sibling, the Boxster. A limited slip differential is now a factory option. [11][12]

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{{anchor|981}}Third generation: Boxster/Cayman (981) (2012–2016)

{{main|Porsche 981}}

The third-generation Boxster was announced on 13 March 2012 at the Geneva Motor Show with sales starting early summer 2012. The new Boxster reflects the new design language from the 911 (991) and 918, and features new and revised engine and transmission specifications. Together with a new body, the type 981 Boxster features a new chassis; 40 per cent more torsionally rigid, the front track is {{convert|40|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} wider, the rear {{convert|18|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} wider and the wheelbase extended by {{convert|60|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}, but with a small weight reduction of up to {{convert|35|kg||abbr=on}} compared to the previous type 987 Boxster.[13]

The standard Boxster is fitted with a new 2.7-litre flat-6 engine, and the Boxster S is fitted with the existing 3.4-litre engine but with revised performance. Both engines are equipped with a 6-speed manual gearbox and an optional 7-speed reworked PDK. Both manual and automatic models are available with several technical options including Porsche Torque Vectoring (PTV) and a Sport Chrono Package that includes active transmission mounts, and makes the PDK-equipped model even faster. Porsche claims that the new generation Boxster provides fuel savings of 15% over the outgoing model.

The range was expanded in March 2014 with the addition of the GTS derivative, with slightly altered front and rear bumpers and an additional {{convert|11|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} from the 3.4-litre engine.[14]

{{convert|206|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}}

The second generation Cayman was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. The production 981 was released as a 2014 model in the spring of 2013. The new car was available in both the standard trim with a 2.7 L engine, and in the S trim with a 3.4 L engine. Both versions are available with either a 6-speed manual or a dual-clutch 7-speed PDK transmission.

The 981 features upgrades including a new body, a longer wheelbase, a wider front track, and a redesigned interior that matches the firm's contemporary 911 models.

The new model gained acclaim in the motoring press as one of the best handling sports cars at any price, due to its-mid engine layout and driving dynamics. The Cayman S benefits from the same engine and running gear as Porsche's latest 3.4 L version of the 911.

[15][16][17][18]

{{anchor|982}}Fourth generation : 718 Boxster/Cayman (982) (2016–present)

{{main|Porsche 982}}

With the new 982-generation, the marketing designation of the Boxster and Cayman was changed to Porsche 718, a nod to Porsche's racing heritage that won the Targa Florio race in 1959 and 1960. Because the 718 Cayman / Boxster has lost two cylinders, going from a naturally aspirated flat-6 engine to a turbocharged flat-4 engine, the name is meant to evoke a racing series that was won by a light car that outmaneuvered the cars with more powerful engines.[19][20]

The timeline of the 718 release started in 2016, with first model availability scheduled for June . The 718 base featured two new horizontally-opposed flat-4 turbocharged engines at 2.0L and 2.5L displacement with increased torque and horsepower with lower fuel consumption. The S model turbocharger utilizes Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) technology.[21][22] Later, In October 2017 the GTS models were announced with their 2.5l engines upgraded to produce {{Convert|361|bhp|kW|abbr=on}}. The Boxster could accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.1 seconds, and the Cayman in 3.9 seconds.[23]

The exterior of the 718 Boxster and Cayman is very similar to the third generation, in fact more of an evolution than a redesign. The most notable changes are to the rear of the car, which now has a long black-trim bar across the rear connecting the two taillights. The headlights and bumper are also heavily reworked. On the sides, the mirrors have been redesigned, taking hue from the SportDesign mirrors on the GT3.

The interior remains very similar to the 981 Cayman / Boxster and the 991.2 generation of the Porsche 911. The main change is the new PCM 4.0 infotainment system, which replaces the PCM 3.1.[24] The steering wheel comes with a mode selector switch that includes a selection of Sports and Sports Plus driving modes, resulting in snappier throttle response at the cost of fuel efficiency. Overall, the most prominent design features of the 981 Cayman / Boxster remain, including large air induction ports on the side, and the prominent horizontal aluminum piece used for adding oil and coolant in the trunk.[25]

Despite the loss of two cylinders, the 718 Cayman / Boxster are mechanically superior to the 981 model. Acceleration is faster, and steering is improved.[26] The 718 Cayman was declared Motor Trend's 2nd best Drivers car in 2017, which praised the car's handling and throttle response. Giving the award, Miguel Cortina noted, "The suspension is just what you want to feel in a car like this—stiff, sporty, rigid. You get a very good sense of what is happening on the road."[27]

Motorsport

Boxster

  • The Boxster has taken part in the Continental Tire Sports Car Challenge Street Tuner class.[28] A Boxster Spec racing series based on the early 1997–1999 2.5-liter models is organized by National Auto Sport Association (NASA).[29] The Porsche Club of America also has a Spec Boxster class, and uses the same rules as NASA.
  • In the UK, Boxsters take part in the BRSCC Porsche Championship, in Spec or Production specification[30] and in the Porsche Club Championship.

Cayman

  • Jack Baldwin of GTSport Racing campaigns a Porsche Cayman S in the Pirelli World Challenge. GTSport Racing is the worlds most successful Cayman program as Baldwin has scored 8 wins and over a dozen podium finishes in his Porsche Cayman S campaign, including two second place Championship finishes (2013, 2014) and one third place Championship finish (2012).
  • Ernie Jakubowski won race 10 of the 2010 SCCA World Challenge event at Virginia International Raceway in the GTS class.[31]
  • One-make Cayman Cup club racing championships are run in France[32] and Italy.[33]
  • BGB Motorsports will be entering two Caymans in the 2010 Continental Challenge season.[34]
  • The 2013 Rolex 24 Hours of Daytona, GX class was won by the Cayman, where it placed 1, 2 and 3. It was the Cayman platform's first endurance race in the U.S., the race was won by car number 16 of Napleton Racing, driven by David Donohue, Shane Lewis, Jim Norman, and Nelson Canache. Bullet Racing finished second and third place went to BGB. It gave Porsche its 75th class victory and the title of the marque with the most wins in the series.
  • The Cayman GT4 Clubsport has raced since 2016 in the GT4 European Series, British GT Championship GT4-class, Dunlop Britcar Endurance Championship[35], the Italian GT Championship in the Cayman-class, the Cayman GT4 Trophy by Manthey-Racing at the Nürburgring Nordschleife as part of the VLN endurance championship,[36] the 24 Hours Nürburgring, the Pirelli World Challenge GTS-class, the Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge GS-class, the 24H Series, and since 2017 in the FFSA GT Championship, Blancpain GT Series Asia GT4-class and Bathurst 12 Hour.

Awards

The Boxster and Cayman received a number of international and regional awards:

  • American Marketing Association: Best New Product of 1997{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Autocar: Best Roadster in the World{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}, Five Star Car for the Boxster GT4 in 2016[37]
  • Auto Express: 2007 & 2006 Greatest Drives & Best Sporting Car{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}, 2012 Roadster of the Year[38]
  • Automobile Journalists of Canada: 1997 Car of the Year and Best Design of 1997{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Automobile: Best Sports Car 2006{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}, Automobile of the Year once{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} and All Stars Award nine times including 2007, 2010 and 2012[39][40]
  • Autoweek: 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show Editors' Best in Show
  • BusinessWeek: One of the Best New Products of 1997{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Car and Driver: On the 10Best list twelve times, from 1998 through 2003, 2006 through 2010, and 2019.[41][42]
  • Car Plus Magazine Car of the Year Award: 2006 Best Sports Car{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • evo: Magazine's recommended buy in the Sports Car category since the model's introduction.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} Included in the lists (without order) Best performance cars 2014, Best sportscars 2017.[43][44] Winner evo Car of the Year 2015 (Cayman GT4).[45]
  • Excellence: Boxster S (986s) was rated one of the top ten Porsches of all time{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • J.D. Power: Highest ranked in Compact Premium Sporty Car, Initial Quality Study 2006, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015, and Automotive Performance, Execution and Layout Study 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016[46]
  • Motor Authority – Best Car To Buy 2014[47]
  • Motor: 1997 Performance Car of the Year{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Motor Trend: 2009 Best Driver's Car[48]
  • MotorWeek: 1997 Drivers Choice for Best Sports Car{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Newsweek: One of the Best New Products of 1997{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • The Philadelphia Inquirer: Best Sports Car of the Decade{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Playboy Magazine: 2006 Car of the Year{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Scottish Car of the Year: 2012 Best Drop Top[49]
  • South African Car of the Year: 2013,[50] 2014{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • Top Gear – 2005 Sports Car of the Year{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}, 2016 Sports Car of the Year.[51]
  • What Car?: 2015 Sports Car of the Year[52]
  • Wheels Automotive Design Awards: 2006 Best Exterior{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • World Car of the Year: World Performance Car in 2006, 2013 and 2017.[53][54][55]

Mechanical issues and lawsuit

{{Refimprove section||section|date=January 2018|small=y}}

The 986 Boxster as well as 987 Boxster and Cayman have experienced complete engine failures.[56] Porsche settled a class-action lawsuit regarding the failures in 2013.[57]

Some Boxster models manufactured between 4 May 2001 and 21 February 2005 have suffered complete engine failure due to a fault with the intermediate shaft (IMS) bearing, which resulted in a class action lawsuit against Porsche Cars North America (referred to as Eisen v. Porsche Cars North America). A settlement was agreed in March 2013, subject to court approval. Other types of engine failure experienced in the Boxster are not addressed by this suit. Additionally, the issues are not limited to the model years covered in the suit, or to the Boxster; the Cayman and 911 share the same type of engine and are also affected. In fact, all model years of Boxster, Cayman and 911 manufactured between 1997 and 2008 (with the exception of the 996 and 997 Turbo, GT3, and GT2 models) are subject to the now-notorious IMS bearing failure.{{cn|date=January 2019}}

On March 5, 2019 Porsche issued a stop sale on all 718 Cayman and Boxers. This issued has not been resolved as of yet with no resolution date provided. The stop sale was due to a fuel tank bracket that could puncture the fuel tank in certain collision instances.

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External links

{{Commons category multi|Porsche Boxster|Porsche Cayman}}
  • {{official website|http://www.porsche.com/international/models/boxster/}}
  • Boxster models at official Porsche website (USA)
  • Original specifications for every Boxster variant
  • {{dmoz|Recreation/Autos/Makes_and_Models/Porsche/Boxster/|Porsche Boxster}}
  • Cayman models at Porsche's website
{{Porsche vehicles}}{{Porsche early timeline}}{{Porsche modern timeline}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Porsche Boxster Cayman}}

9 : Cars introduced in 1996|Cars introduced in 2012|Cars introduced in 2005|Cars powered by boxer engines|Coupés|Porsche vehicles|Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles|Roadsters|Sports cars
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