| 词条 | Porth Wen Brickworks |
| 释义 |
| name = Porth Wen Brickworks | other_name = | type = Brickworks | image = File:The three surviving kilns of Porth Wen brick works - geograph.org.uk - 1121396.jpg | caption = Kilns and chimneys at brickworks | location = Anglesey, Wales | locmapin = Wales Anglesey | map_relief = yes | map_caption = Location in Anglesey | elevation = | coordinates = {{coord|53.424|-4.406|display=inline,title}} | gbgridref = SH 4019 9465 | designation1_free1name = Community | designation1_free1value = Llanbadrig | designation1_free2name = Principal area | designation1_free2value = Anglesey | designation2 = Scheduled monument | designation2_offname = Porth Wen Brickworks | designation2_number = AN109 | designation2_date = 27 October 1986 }} Porth Wen Brickworks is a now disused Victorian brickworks which produced fire bricks, made from quartzite (silica) used to line steel-making furnaces. The substantial remains include a number of buildings and the remains of some of the machinery, but has some damage from sea erosion. The site is a scheduled monument. LocationThe brickworks is in a spectacular location on the western side of Porth Wen (English: White Bay) in the community of Llanbadrig in the north of Anglesey, and is about {{convert|2|km|mile|sigfig=2|abbr=in}} west of Porth Llechog and {{convert|3|km|mile|sigfig=2|abbr=in}} north-east of Cemaes.{{r|GAT Porthwen Brickworks|Coastal Path Map}} The brickworks was established because of the readily available quartzite from the nearby quarries, a major component of fire bricks.{{r|Coastal Erosion Survey}} As with much of coastline of Anglesey, the brickworks lies within the area of the Anglesey Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.{{r|LUC AONB Report}} DescriptionPorthwen Brickworks includes quarries, an incline tramroad to the works, and includes a crushing house, moulding shed, drying sheds, and kilns. The brickmaking operation was supported by storage hoppers, engine house, boiler house, chimneys, warehouse and a quay.[1] Brickmaking started on the site in the mid 19th century, with the tramroad being added later, and the existing buildings being built in the early 20th century.{{r|Coflein Porthwen Brickworks}} Although the brickworks ceased production in the first half of the 20th century (sources vary on the date; either 1924 or 1949),{{r|GAT Porthwen Brickworks|Coflein Porthwen Brickworks}} the buildings and much of the equipment remain in situ, and the site shows:{{quote|...the visual scars of time and nature on its rural-industrial face as well as just the immense history built into the very bricks and stones|author=Ian Banks{{r|Ian Banks}}}} Quarries and inclineThe brickworks were supplied from two quarries to the north-west of the works.{{r|Coflein PB Silica Quarry|Coflein PB Dinorben Quarry}} A tramroad from one of the quarries leading to a winding house and incline was shown on the 1st edition OS map, 1889.{{r|NT Porth Wen Winding House}} The winding house includes two lateral walls of mortared walls of rubble masonry supporting a square drive shaft and bearings. The remains of the walls are splayed at the bases and roughly {{convert|4.5|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} in length, {{convert|0.95|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} wide up to a height of {{convert|3|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}}.{{r|NT Porth Wen Winding House|Coflein PB Winding Engine House}} The drive shaft supported three wheels each with eight spokes. One wheel is roughly {{convert|2|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} in diameter and the other two are {{convert|1.5|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} in diameter. The larger wheel was a banding-break and the other two were driving wheels for lowering and raising trucks on the incline. A wooden beam with a control mechanism remains in front the drive shaft. A second similar wooden beam lies nearby but is no longer in position.{{r|NT Porth Wen Winding House|Coflein PB Winding Engine House|Coflein PB Railway Incline}} Near the winding house are the remains of a storage shed roughly {{convert|4|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} by {{convert|5|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} with walls that supported a gabled roof of profiled sheeting and is probably more recent than the winding house, built in a period of improvement in the early 20th century.{{r|NT Porth Wen Storage Shed}} The incline consisted of two tracks which have been removed but the track bed remains with retaining walls of random rubble masonry roughly {{convert|1|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=in}} deep. The incline was gravity powered.{{r|Coflein PB Railway Incline|NT Porth Wen Incline}} BrickmakingThe incline terminated at a crushing house where pieces of quartzite were broken up with a knapping machine. The pieces were passed down chutes to lower levels for further processing, resulting in a fine powder at the lowest stage. It is likely that the pieces of quartzite were reduced by hammer with the workers wearing iron covered gloves.{{r|GAT Porthwen Brickworks|Coflein PB Crusher House|Anglesey Hidden Gem}} The resulting powder was mixed with lime and water in a pan mill. The resulting paste was then moulded and pressed into bricks in the moulding shed, and then dried out in drying sheds.{{r|GAT Porthwen Brickworks|Coflein PB Moulding Shed and Chimney|Coflein PB Drying Sheds|Coflein PB Chimney}} Originally bricks were made using moulding and wire cutting, but were later made using a press.{{r|Anglesey Hidden Gem}} After drying, the bricks were then fired in one of the three circular down-draught kilns (also known as beehive or Newcastle kilns), made of brick with iron bands and domed roofs.{{r|Coflein PB Kiln 1|Coflein PB Kiln 2|Coflein PB Kiln 3|GAT Porthwen Brickworks|Ian Banks}} The brickworks also includes the remains of a boiler house, which contained a Five-drum Stirling boiler, and a small engine house for a steam engine.{{r|Coflein PB Stirling Boiler House|Coflein PB Engine House}} Storage and distributionAfter firing, the bricks were stored in the main building, an impressive two-storey brick building, with gabled ends.{{r|Coflein PB Building}} Bricks were then loaded onto ships, using a crane, moored at the loading quay.{{r|Coflein PB Crane|Coflein PB Loading Quay}} HistoryPorth Wen brickworks was designated as a scheduled monument by Cadw in 1986 and classified as a post-medieval industrial brickworks.{{r|Cadw Scheduling Porth Wen Brickworks}} See also{{Commons category|Porth Wen}}{{Portal|Wales}}
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Gwyn, David|title=Gwynedd: Inheriting a Revolution; the Archaeology of Industrialisation in North-West Wales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWkoAQAAMAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Phillimore & Company Limited |isbn=978-1-86077-432-4 |pages=116–117}} [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]2. ^{{cite web| work = Historic Environment Record (HER)| title = Silica Brick Works, Porth Wen| url = http://www.cofiadurcahcymru.org.uk/arch/query/page.php?prn=GAT3562| via = archwilio (online database of the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts)| publisher = Gwynedd Archaeological Trust (GAT)| accessdate = 18 June 2016 | id = GAT PRN 3562}} 3. ^{{cite map| url = http://www.anglesey.gov.uk/Journals/2013/12/06/l/q/s/coastal_path_map3.pdf| title = Section 3: Cemaes to Amlwch Port| website = www.anglesey.gov.uk| publisher = Isle of Anglesey Coastal Path Project| date = 2005| accessdate = 18 June 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web| title = Winding House at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn| url = https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA133966| website = heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk| publisher = National Trust| accessdate = 18 June 2016| id = MNA133966}} 5. ^{{cite web| title = Storage shed at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn| url = https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA133968| website = heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk| publisher = National Trust| accessdate = 18 June 2016| id = MNA133968}} 6. ^{{cite web| title = Incline at Porth Wen, Bryn Llewelyn| url = https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA133967| website = heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk| publisher = National Trust| accessdate = 18 June 2016| id = MNA133967}} 7. ^{{cite report| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| title = Porth Wen Brickworks| date = 27 October 1986| publisher = Cadw| access-date = | orig-year = Scheduled 1986| id = Cadw Id: AN109}} 8. ^{{cite web| last1 = Hill| first1 = J.| date = 1 March 2004| title = Porthwen Brickworks; Porth Wen Silica Brickworks| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40736/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40736| accessdate = 17 June 2016 | ref = harv}} 9. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Building| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40746/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40746| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 10. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Chimney| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40748/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40748| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 11. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Crane| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40751/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40751| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 12. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Crusher House| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40739/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40739| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 13. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Drying Sheds| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40745/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40745| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 14. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Engine House| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40741/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40741| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 15. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (1)| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40742/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40742| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 16. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (2)| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40743/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40743| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 17. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Kiln (3)| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40744/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40744| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 18. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Loading Quay| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40750/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40750| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 19. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Moulding Shed and Chimney| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40747/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40747| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 20. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Railway Incline| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40738/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40738| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 21. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Winding Engine House| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40740/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40740| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 22. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Silica Quarry| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40737/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40737| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 23. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Silica Quarry; Dinorben Quarry| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/528/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 528| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 24. ^{{cite web| title = Porthwen Brickworks: Stirling Boiler House| work = National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW)| url = http://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/40749/details| via = coflein (online database of the NMRW)| publisher = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)| id = NPRN 40749| accessdate = 17 June 2016 }} 25. ^{{cite report| last1 = Grant| first1 = Maria| last2 = Parker| first2 = Sally| title = State of the AONB Report for Anglesey| publisher = Land Use Consultants| url = http://www.ynysmon.gov.uk/Journals/2015/04/13/e/k/b/State-of-the-AONB-Report-for-Anglesey.pdf| page = 11| website = Isle of Anglesey County Council| accessdate = 14 May 2016| date = April 2014}} 26. ^{{cite web| last1 = Banks| first1 = Ian| title = Porth Wen Brickworks, Anglesey| url = http://www.urbanrealm.com/features/104/Porth_Wen_Brickworks,_Anglesey.html| publisher = Urban Realm| accessdate = 20 June 2016| date = 20 December 2004}} 27. ^{{cite web| last1 = Jones| first1 = Wil| title = Porth Wen Brickworks| url = http://www.anglesey-hidden-gem.com/porth-wen-brick-works.html| website = www.anglesey-hidden-gem.com| accessdate = 20 June 2016}} }} Further reading
| last1 = Jones | first1 = William | title = Anglesey Hidden Gem | asin = B00XJQ6C2M | format = kindle | date = May 2015}}
| last1 = Summers | first1 = Neil | title = Porth Wen – An abandoned brickworks on Anglesey | url = http://www.penmorfa.com/porthwen/index.html | website = www.penmorfa.com | accessdate = 20 June 2016}} External links
| url = http://www.visitanglesey.co.uk/media/392905/map1cemaes1.pdf | scale = 1:25,000 | title = Map 1 – Cemaes | website = visitanglesey.co.uk | publisher = Isle of Anglesey County Council }} – map of part of Anglesey Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
| title = Map B Ynys Môn – Isle of Anglesey | url = http://www.walescoastpath.gov.uk/media/1418/wales-coast-path-region-b-isle-of-anglesey.pdf | website = Wales Coast Path | publisher = National Resources Wales }} – includes Maps 13 to 28 covering the coast of Anglesey
| last1 = Jenkins | first1 = Phil | title = Porth Wen Silica Brickworks, Anglesea | url = http://industrialgwent.co.uk/walesnorth/index.htm#anglesea | website = industrialgwent.co.uk }} – extensive gallery of photos from July 2015 {{Anglesey}} 5 : Scheduled monuments in Anglesey|Llanbadrig|Brickworks in the United Kingdom|Industrial buildings in Wales|Industrial archaeological sites in Wales |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。