| 词条 | Presentative (linguistics) |
| 释义 |
A presentative, or presentational,[1] is a word or a syntactic structure which presents, or introduces, an entity, bringing it to the attention of the addressee. Typically, the entity thus introduced will serve as the topic of the subsequent discourse. For example, the construction with "there" in the following English sentence is a presentative: There appeared a cat on the window sill. In French, one of major uses of the words voici and voilà is presentative, as in the following example: {{interlinear|lang = fr |Voici le sceau de Charlemagne. |{{gcl|PRESTT|presentative}} DEF seal GEN Charlemagne |'This is the seal of Charlemagne.'[2]}} In Maybrat, a likely language isolate of West Papua, there is a dedicated presentative prefix me- which combines with demonstratives. It contrasts with other prefixes like pe- (forming adverbs, "there") or re- and we- (for attributives, "this man"). This contrast is illustrated in the following three examples with the demonstrative -to, which is used for non-masculine referents close to the speaker:[3] {{interlinear| c1 = (presentative) |m-ama me-to |{{gcl|U|unmarked gender}}-come {{gcl|PRESTT|presentative}}-DEM |'Here she comes.'{{sfn|Dol|2007|loc=p. 103, ex. 230}} }} {{interlinear| c1 = (adverbial) |y-tien pe-to |he-sleep area.{{gcl|ADV|adverbial}}-DEM |'He sleeps near here.'{{sfn|Dol|2007|loc=p. 99, ex. 208b}} }} {{interlinear| c1 = (attributive) |fai re-to |woman {{gcl|SPEC|specific}}-DEM |'this woman'{{sfn|Dol|2007|loc=p. 99, ex. 206a}} }} References1. ^{{Cite encyclopedia| last = Matthews| first = P. H.| date = 2014| chapter = presentational| title = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-967512-8|ref =harv}} 2. ^{{Cite journal| last = Porhiel| first = Sylvie| date = 2012| title = The presentative voici/voilà – Towards a pragmatic definition| journal = Journal of Pragmatics| volume = 44| issue = 4| pages = 435–452| issn = 0378-2166| doi = 10.1016/j.pragma.2012.01.001|ref = harv}} 3. ^{{Cite book| last = Dol| first = Philomena Hedwig| date = 2007| title = A grammar of Maybrat : a language of the Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua province, Indonesia| series = Pacific Linguistics| publisher = Australian National University| location = Canberra| isbn = 978-0-85883-573-3| ref = harv|pp=103–4}} The glosses here have been simplified. 1 : Syntactic entities |
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