| 释义 |
- Properties
- Nomenclature
- References
- Further reading
- External links
{{redirect|Mirach|the target drones|Galileo Mirach 150|and|Galileo Mirach 26}}{{Starbox begin
| name = Beta Andromedae
}}{{Starbox image
| image =
| caption=Location of β Andromedae (circled)
}}{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| equinox = J2000.0 (ICRS)
| constell = Andromeda
| ra = {{RA|01|09|43.92388}}
| dec = {{DEC|+35|37|14.0075}}
| appmag_v = 2.05[3] (2.01 to 2.10)[4]
}}{{Starbox character
| class = M0 III[5]
| u-b = +1.96[3]
| b-v = +1.57[3]
| v-r = 0.9[8]
| r-i = +1.00[9]
| variable = Semiregular[4]
}}{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{nowrap|0.06 ± 0.13}}[11]
| prop_mo_ra = 175.90
| prop_mo_dec = −112.20
| parallax = 16.52
| p_error = 0.56
| parallax_footnote =
| absmag_v = –1.76[15]
}}{{Starbox detail
| mass = 3–4[16]
| radius = 100[17]
| luminosity = 1,995[17]
| temperature = 3,842[19]
| gravity = 1.52[19]
| metal_fe = –0.05[19]
| rotational_velocity = 7.2[17]
}}{{Starbox catalog
| names = Mirach, Merach, Mirac, Mizar, β And, Beta Andromedae, Beta And, 43 Andromedae, 43 And, BD+34°198, FK5 42, GJ 53.3, GJ 9044, HD 6860, HIP 5447, HR 337, LTT 10420, NLTT 3848, SAO 54471, WDS 01097+3537A.[8][24]
}}{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=HD+6860
}}{{Starbox end}}Beta Andromedae (β Andromedae, abbreviated Beta And, β And), also named Mirach,[1] is a prominent star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus and is theoretically visible to all observers north of 54° S. It is commonly used by stargazers to find the Andromeda Galaxy. The galaxy NGC 404, also known as Mirach's Ghost, is seven arc minutes away from Mirach.[26]This star has an average apparent visual magnitude of 2.05,[3] making it the brightest star in the constellation. The luminosity varies slightly from magnitude +2.01 to +2.10.[4] Based upon parallax measurements, it is roughly {{Convert|197|ly|pc|abbr=off|lk=on}} from the Sun.[ Its apparent magnitude is reduced by 0.06 by extinction due to gas and dust along the line of sight.[11]] PropertiesBeta Andromedae is a red giant with a stellar classification of M0 III.[5] Since 1943 the spectrum of this star has been one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.[32] It is suspected of being a semiregular variable star whose apparent visual magnitude varies from +2.01 to +2.10.[4] At this stage of the star's evolution, the outer envelope has expanded to around 100 times the size of the Sun.[17] It is radiating 1995[17] times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 3842 K.[19] Nomenclature- Beta Andromedae is the star's Bayer designation.
- It had the traditional name of Mirach, and its variations, such as Mirac, Mirar, Mirath, Mirak, etc. (the name is spelled Merach in Burritt's The Geography of the Heavens),[2] which come from the star's description in the Alfonsine Tables of 1521 as super mizar. Here, mirat is a corruption of the Arabic مئزر mīzar "girdle", which appeared in a Latin translation of the Almagest.[24] This word refers to Mirach's position at the left hip of the princess Andromeda.[3]
- In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[4] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[5] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mirach for this star.
- Medieval astronomers writing in Arabic called β Andromedae Janb al-Musalsalah ({{lang-en|The Side of the Chained (Lady)}}); it was part of the 28th manzil (Arabian lunar mansion) Baṭn al-Ḥūt, the Belly of the Fish, or Qalb al-Ḥūt, the Heart of the Fish.[24][6] The star has also been called Cingulum and Ventrale.[24] This al-Ḥūt was an indigenous Arabic constellation, not the Western "Northern Fish" part of the constellation Pisces.[6] These names are not from the Arabic marāqq, loins, because it was never called al-Marāqq in Arabian astronomy.[6] Al Rishā, the Cord (of the well-bucket), on al-Sūfī's star map. It is origin of the proper name Alrescha for Alpha Piscium.[24][7][8]
- In Chinese, {{lang|zh|奎宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Kuí Sù}}), meaning Legs (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of β Andromedae, η Andromedae, 65 Piscium, ζ Andromedae, ε Andromedae, δ Andromedae, π Andromedae, ν Andromedae, μ Andromedae, σ Piscium, τ Piscium, 91 Piscium, υ Piscium, φ Piscium, χ Piscium and ψ¹ Piscium. Consequently, β Andromedae itself is known as {{lang|zh|奎宿九}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Kuí Sù jiǔ}}, {{lang-en|the Ninth Star of Legs}}.)[9]
- The people of Micronesia named this star Kyyw, meaning "The Porpoise", and this was used as one of the names of the months in Micronesia.[10]
- Mirach is listed in MUL.APIN as KA.MUSH.I.KU.E, meaning "the Deleter" (the alternative star is α Cas).[11]
References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
2. ^p. 18, [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=ZLEXAAAAIAAJ The Geography of the Heavens], Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, Hiram Mattison, and Henry Whitall, New York: Sheldon & Company, 1856.
3. ^Mirach, MSN Encarta. Accessed on line August 19, 2008. [https://www.webcitation.org/5kwQ0w7dd?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761587746/Mirach.html Archived] 2009-10-31.
4. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|accessdate=22 May 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |accessdate=28 July 2016}}
6. ^1 2 George A.Davis Jr. (1971) Selected List of Star Names, p. 5.
7. ^ibid. p. 19.
8. ^{{cite book|author1=Kunitsch, Paul |author2=Smart, Tim |year= 2006 |title=A Dictionary of Modern Star names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations |publisher=Sky Publishing Corp. |location= Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=50 |isbn=978-1-931559-44-7}}
9. ^{{zh icon}} AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 5 月 19 日
10. ^p. 345, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ILBuYcGASxcC Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy], David H. Kelley, Eugene F. Milone, Anthony F. (FRW) Aveni, Berlin, Springer, 2011.
11. ^{{cite journal | last=Rogers | first=J. H. | title=Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions | journal=Journal of the British Astronomical Association |issue=1 | volume=108 | pages=9–28 |date=February 1998 | bibcode=1998JBAA..108....9R}}
12. ^1 {{citation | last1=Garrison | first1=R. F. | title=Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=25 | page=1319 |date=December 1993 | bibcode=1993AAS...183.1710G | url=http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~garrison/mkstds.html | accessdate=2012-02-04 }}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Soubiran | first1=C. | last2=Bienaymé | first2=O. | last3=Mishenina | first3=T. V. | last4=Kovtyukh | first4=V. V. | title=Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. IV. AMR and AVR from clump giants | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | year=2008 | volume=480 | issue=1 | pages=91–101 | bibcode=2008A&A...480...91S | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078788 |arxiv = 0712.1370 }}
14. ^1 2 {{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Famaey | first1=B. | last2=Jorissen | first2=A. | last3=Luri | first3=X. | last4=Mayor | first4=M. | last5=Udry | first5=S. | last6=Dejonghe | first6=H. | last7=Turon | first7=C. | title=Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=430 | issue=1 | pages=165–186 |date=January 2005 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041272 | bibcode=2005A&A...430..165F |arxiv = astro-ph/0409579 }}
15. ^1 {{citation | url=http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/Mirachs_Ghost.html | title=Mirach's Ghost (NGC 404) | work=The Internet Encyclopedia of Science | first1=David | last1=Darling | accessdate=2008-08-15 }}
16. ^1 2 3 4 {{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Johnson | first1=H. L. | last2=Iriarte | first2=B. | last3=Mitchell | first3=R. I. | last4=Wisniewskj | first4=W. Z. | title=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | issue=99 | year=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J }}
17. ^1 2 {{citation | last1=Morgan | first1=W. W. | last2=Keenan | first2=P. C. | title=Spectral Classification | journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=11 | issue=1 | page=29 | year=1973 | doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.11.090173.000333 | bibcode=1973ARA&A..11...29M }}
18. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Massarotti | first1=Alessandro | last2=Latham | first2=David W. | last3=Stefanik | first3=Robert P. | last4=Fogel | first4=Jeffrey | title=Rotational and Radial Velocities for a Sample of 761 HIPPARCOS Giants and the Role of Binarity | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=135 | issue=1 | pages=209–231 |date=January 2008 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/209 | bibcode=2008AJ....135..209M }}
19. ^1 2 {{cite simbad|title=bet And|access-date=August 12, 2008}}
20. ^1 2 3 4 NSV 414, database entry, table of suspected variable stars, Combined General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS4.2, 2004 Ed.), N. N. Samus, O. V. Durlevich, et al., CDS ID II/250.
21. ^1 HR 337, database entry, The Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version), D. Hoffleit and W. H. Warren, Jr., CDS ID V/50. Accessed on line August 12, 2008.
22. ^1 Mirach {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216035854/http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/mirach.html |date=December 16, 2008 }}, Stars, Jim Kaler. Accessed on line August 13, 2008.
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation | first1=R. A. | last1=Allen | author-link=Richard Hinckley Allen | year=1899 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5xQuAAAAIAAJ | title=Star-names and Their Meanings | page=36 }}
24. ^1 {{citation | last1=Elgarøy | first1=Øystein | last2=Engvold | first2=Oddbjørn | last3=Lund | first3=Niels | title=The Wilson-Bappu effect of the MgII K line - dependence on stellar temperature, activity and metallicity | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=343 | pages=222–228 |date=March 1999 | bibcode=1999A&A...343..222E }}
}}Further reading- Davis Jr., G. A., (1971) Pronunciations, Derivations, and Meanings of a Selected List of Star Names, (rep.) Cambridge, Sky Publishing Corp.
- Kunitzsch, P., (1959) Arabische Sternnamen in Europa
- Kunitzsch. P., (ed.) (1990) Der Sternkatalog des Almagest, Band II
External links{{Sky|01|09|43.9236|+|35|37|14.008|199}}{{Stars of Andromeda}} 11 : Semiregular variable stars|Stars with proper names|Andromeda (constellation)|M-type giants|Flamsteed objects|Bayer objects|Henry Draper Catalogue objects|Hipparcos objects|Durchmusterung objects|HR objects|Gliese and GJ objects |