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词条 President Masaryk (monitor)
释义

  1. Service in Czechoslovakia

  2. Career in German service

  3. Final years

  4. References

  5. Further reading

{{About|a river patrol boat|the first president of Czechoslovakia|Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk}}
infobox caption=President Masarykdisplay title=ital
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=Hlídková loď President Masaryk (2).jpgShip image size=Ship caption=President Masaryk
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=noShip country=Czechoslovakia, GermanyCzechoslovakia}} {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}Ship name=President Masaryk, BechelarenShip namesake=Tomáš Garrigue MasarykShip ordered=Ship builder=Ship laid down=August 1929Ship launched=1930 or 1931[2]Ship commissioned=August 1932Ship decommissioned=1945, 1955Ship in service=1932Ship out of service=1945, 1955Ship fate=scrapped in 1978
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=River monitorShip displacement=214 t (full fuel load)47.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}1.07|m|ftin|abbr=on}}Original:|2 steam turbines|{{convert|2300|hp|abbr=on}}|1943 Modification:|2 diesel engines|{{convert|3600|hp|abbr=on}}}}31|kph|kn|abbr=on}}Ship endurance=23 hours at full powerShip complement=37–46[3]Original:|4 × 66 mm cannon model 30 |4 x heavy machine gun vz. 24 |10 mines|(list not necessarily complete)|February 1945 Modification:|2 x 88 mm cannon|1 x 37 mm flak gun|5 x 20 mm flak gun|(list not necessarily complete)}}Bulletproof armor only|Belt: {{convert|10|mm|abbr=on}} |Turrets: {{convert|8|mm|abbr=on}} |Deck: {{convert|5|mm|abbr=on}}}}
}}

President Masaryk was a river monitor of the First Czechoslovak Republic, serving from 1932 until the dissolution of the republic in 1939. With four {{convert|66|mm|in|adj=on}} guns in two twin turrets,[2] it was that nation's most powerful warship of the 1930s and flagship of the Czechoslovakian river flotilla. After the German occupation, the ship was taken into the German army under the name Bechelaren and fought against the Soviets. It was scrapped in 1978.

Service in Czechoslovakia

In the 1920s, the Czechoslovakian naval forces operated river craft inherited from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. These being obsolescent, in the late 1920s plans were made to build two new large river patrol craft. Only one of these, President Masaryk, was built.[2]

The design of President Masaryk was based on the Austrian monitor Catfish ({{lang-de|Wels}}).[8] It was designed at the Škoda Works and built at the Škoda shipyard in Komárno. The flat-bottomed hull was divided into 15 watertight compartments.[3]

Various Czechoslovakian (and other) companies contributed components to the vessel: Poldi Kladno supplied steel plates, the Škoda works at Plzeň the engines, and the Hamburg company Zeis the marine propellers.[8] Yarrow boilers were installed on the vessel. The ship was laid down in August 1929[3] and launched in 1930 or 1931.[2] Trials showed that the ship did not perform to specifications, so it was returned to the shipyard for major modifications. Among other changes, the single stack was replaced with dual stacks, one for each engine.[8] These modifications being completed, and the ship's speed increased from {{convert|13.8|kn|kph|lk=in}} to {{convert|16.7|kn|kph}},[8] President Masaryk was commissioned in 1932. After this it patrolled the Danube River from its base in Bratislava[8] for the rest of the First Czechoslovak Republic's existence. President Masaryk was the only Czechoslovakian ship able to match the best ships of the other Danubian powers (Yugoslavia, Romania, and Hungary) in the 1930s.[3]

Career in German service

After the German invasion of 1939, the ship was used by the Germans. Until 1941 it was based in Linz and continued to patrol the Danube. In 1941 it was transferred downriver to the area of Yugoslavia (which had been overrun by the Germans).

In 1943 the vessel was returned to Linz and underwent extensive modernization. The hull was lengthened by {{convert|30|cm|in}}, the shape of the stern was changed, and new machinery was installed, with the boilers and engines replaced with two MAN submarine diesel engines with an output of {{convert|1,800|hp|lk=in}} each. The stacks were removed and replaced with exhaust pipes on the sides of the vessel. The single rudder was replaced with two.[3] Using space freed up by the changes in propulsion machinery, a quadruple mount with four 20 mm flak guns was installed. A separate 20 mm cannon on the stern was replaced with a 37 mm flak gun, and the machine gun turret at the front was removed.

In 1944 Bechelaren was returned to duty on the lower Danube. On the night of April 5–6, 1944, while escorting a convoy, the vessel was damaged by planes of the Red Air Force. After repairs, it was returned to service at Visegrád, Hungary. Later it returned to Linz, where (since 66 mm ammunition was no longer being manufactured) its four {{convert|66|mm|in|adj=on}} guns were replaced with two {{convert|88|mm|in|adj=on}} naval guns with light shields.

Bechelaren then participated in combat operations in Yugoslavia and Hungary. In 1944 it supported the German counterattack toward Budapest and at Melk in Austria it fought Soviet gunboats. This was Bechelaren{{'}}s last combat mission.

Final years

On May 11, 1945, Bechelaren{{'}}s crew surrendered the ship to the United States Army in Linz. In 1947 the ship was returned (without weapons) to Czechoslovakia and taken to Bratislava, where in 1951 it was restored to working condition, but was never re-armed.[8] The Czechoslovakian Army having no further use for the vessel, it was sold to the civilian sector in 1955. The hull then served as a hulk for storage and workshops at the Komárno Shipyard. In 1978 President Masaryk was scrapped.

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.brannamoc1938.eu/technika/lode/hlidkova-lod-president-masaryk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194315/http://www.brannamoc1938.eu/technika/lode/hlidkova-lod-president-masaryk/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |title=Hlídková loď PRESIDENT MASARYK |trans-title=Patrol Boat President Masaryk |language=Czech |work=Czechoslovakian Army 1938 |accessdate=February 22, 2016 }}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.steelnavy.net/SamekPresidentMasaryk350FBustelo.html |title=President Masaryk Czechoslovakian River Monitor |author=Felix Bustelo |date= |work=SteelNavy.com |accessdate=February 22, 2016}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.palba.cz/viewtopic.php?t=893 |title=Hlídková loď President Masaryk |trans-title=Patrol Boat President Masaryk |author=Nelson |date=November 18, 2005 |work=Palba.cz forums |language=Czech |accessdate=February 25, 2016}} {{Better source|reason=well, it's just some guy posting to a forum. That being said, he sounds like he knows what he's talking about, and it's quite likely that the gist of what he says is true. We just need a more reliable source.|date=February 2016}}
[1][2][3]
}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last=Hubert |first=Miroslav |title=Hlídková loď President Masaryk v pohledu techniky |trans-title=Patrol Boat President Masaryk From an Engineering Perspective |year=2004 |location=Prague and Děčín |publisher=Mare-Czech, Spolek přátel plavby a ARES (Mare-Czech, Association of Sailing Aficionados, and ARES) |language=Czech |isbn=80-86158-41-1}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Hubert |first1=Miroslav |last2=Pavala |first2=Karel |title=Vojenské lodě Československa 1918-1959 |trans-title=Warships of Czechoslovakia, 1918–1959 |year=1999 |location=Prague and Děčín |publisher=ARES and the Association of Sailing Aficionados |language=Czech |isbn=80-86158-11-X |pages=24–27}}

7 : Naval ships of Czechoslovakia|Ships built in Czechoslovakia|1932 ships|World War II monitors|Riverine warfare|World War II naval ships of Germany|Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
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