| 词条 | Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa |
| 释义 |
The Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa, known in Arabic as The Shaltoot Fatwa ({{lang-ar|فتوى شلتوت}}), is an Islamic fatwa issued in 1959 on the topic of Shi'a–Sunni relations by Sunni scholar Shaikh Mahmood Shaltoot. Under Shaltoot, Sunni-Shia ecumenical activities would reach their zenith.[1] The fatwa is the fruit of a decade-long collaborative effort between a group of Sunni and Shi'a scholars at the Dar al-Taqreeb al-Madhahib al-Islamiyyah ("center for bringing together the various Islamic schools of thought") theological center at Al-Azhar University in Cairo. The aim of the effort is to bridge the gap between the various Islamic schools of thought, and to foster mutual respect, understanding and appreciation of each school's contributions to the development of Islamic jurisprudence.[2] However, despite the ecumenical fatwa, while Shaltoot was Grand Imam of Al-Azhar he refused to establish an independent Shia chair at the University, which was one of the greatest aspirations, especially, of the Shia members of the Dar al-Taqreeb.[3] This rare fatwa, which admits Shia Muslims, Alawites, and Druze, who had been considered heretics and idolaters for hundreds of years, into mainstream Islam has been viewed as being inspired by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.[4] Nasser saw it as a tool to spread his appeal and influence across the entire Arab world.[5] In 2012, due to drift towards Salafism in Al-Azhar, the dean of the Faculty of Islamic Studies at Al-Azhar issued a fatwa strongly opposed to the 1959 fatwa. It forbade worship according to the Shia tradition and condemned as heretics anyone who insulted the wives or companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Al-Azhar also published a book condemning the Shia.[6] Shaykh Ahmed el-Tayeb of Jamia Al'Azhar again reiterated Shaikh Shaltoot's position in an interview [7] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Rainer Brünner|title=Islamic Ecumenism In The 20th Century: The Azhar And Shiism Between Rapprochement And Restraint|date=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004125483|page=360|edition=revised}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html|title=al-Azhar Verdict on the Shia|publisher=www.al-islam.org|accessdate=2009-05-05| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090613065916/http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html| archivedate= 13 June 2009 | deadurl= no}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Rainer Brünner|title=Islamic Ecumenism In The 20th Century: The Azhar And Shiism Between Rapprochement And Restraint|date=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004125483|page=301|edition=revised}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Aburish|first=Saïd K.|title=Nasser: the last Arab|date=2004|publisher=Duckworth|isbn=9780715633007|pages=200–201|edition=illustrated|quote=But perhaps the most far reaching change [initiated by Nasser’s guidance] was the fatwa commanding the readmission to mainstream Islam of the Shia, Alawis, and Druze. They had been considered heretics and idolaters for hundreds of years, but Nasser put an end to this for once and for all. While endearing himself to the majority Shia of Iraq and undermining Kassem [the communist ruler of Iraq at the time] might have played a part in that decision, there is no doubting the liberalism of the man in this regard.}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Keddie|first=Nikki R|title=Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics|date=2002|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=9780295982069|page=306|edition=illustrated|author2=Rudolph P Matthee}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Al-Araby|first=Mohamed|title=Identity politics, Egypt and the Shia|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/2376/21/Identity-politics,-Egypt-and-the-Shia.aspx|work=Al-Ahram Weekly|accessdate=20 April 2014|date=25 April 2013}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ijtihadnet.com/fatwa-al-azhars-grand-imam-shia/|work=AlNeel TV|accessdate=11 February 2018|date=11 February 2018}} External links
4 : Al-Azhar University|Fatwas|Shia–Sunni relations|1959 documents |
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