“Prieuré de l'Oiselière”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Prieuré de l'Oiselière is a priory located at Saint-Planchers, near Granville, in France. Nestled in a valley bordering the watercourse that bears its name, surrounded by fortified walls and moats, it has a history dating back to the 12th century. Dependent on the abbots of Mont-Saint-Michel, it is the place where they organized the exploitation of the field and the woods and the collection of the taxes. It was also a local justice court.

Its restoration began in 1989, when it was classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

History

The foundation

In the year 1022, Richard II (Duke of Normandy) gives to the Mont-Saint-Michel the Priory of Saint-Pair and its outbuildings, limited to the east by the public road of Coutances, to the north by the Vanlée ( coastal river), to the south by the stream Thar, to the west by the sea with the island of Chausey.

Various writings on local history consider that the Oiselière would be part of the dependencies of this abbey of Saint-Pair of which no other written or archaeological trace is known. They also say that the 'Oiselière' would correspond to this priory of Saint-Pair quoted by Pierre Le Roy, but in 1321 that it appears by name in historical acts in the authorization of the construction of its chapel. Thomas Le Roy, indicates the construction of a chapel in Loysellière in 1321 and in the inventory of the charters of the Mont-Saint-Michel done in the 14th century, one reads: "Concessio episcopi pro capella de Loiseliere » which means: authorization of the bishop for the chapel of Oiselière.

The Hundred Years War

The history of the abbots of Mont-Saint-Michel provides some historical references in the following years.

"In the year 1420, the abbot Jolivet, annoyed with so many pains and fatigues endured with the guard and conservation of this place of this Mont-St-Michel, [...] missing heart, comes out of his monastery the same year aforesaid 1420, and, goes away. He lets his monks do it at discretion. He will no longer come there, staying sometimes at Rouen, sometimes at L'Oiseliere, and elsewhere, where he thinks fit. It is so well, being outside of this monastery, to acquire the benevolence of the King of England, who makes him enjoy all the possessions that this monastery has in the province of Normandy, which said English occupies for him, and our Robert in fact to his will without widening any denier to his monks who carry the weight of the day and the heat, to preserve this place under the obedience of the king of France. They are extremely poor, almost all the income and the most beautiful being in Normandy, of which Mgr Abbé Jolivet makes largesse and good food to his friends, leaving his monks without bread."...^[1]^[2]

The Renaissance

In 1509, the abbot Guillaume de Lamps, undertakes great works at the Oiseliere, in a graceful style that this epoch sees flowering. His brother J. de Lamps, according to the Gallia Christiana, will complete this work.

The plan of the Oiselière (1766) gives an idea of these works by the addition to the west of the manor. Also in the Renaissance, terraced gardens were established on the site of the ramparts of the first building.

The commendatory abbots

The Oiselière serves as a refuge for Arthur de Cossé (illegitimate son recognized by Charles I, Count of Brissac) who becomes in 1562 bishop of Coutances in full war of religions then abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel in 1570. It dies in 1587^[3]

The abbés commendataires more concerned about the collection of income than the maintenance of buildings left the house fall into ruin.

The 1698 statistic indicates that the barony of the Oiseliere whose great manor is in the parish of Saint-Planchers belongs to the abbots and monks of Mont-Saint-Michel. The term "barony" appears for the first time on this document and seems to indicate that L'Oiseliere is at that time more than a manor house and that it also has a domain big enough to justify this title.

Thomas Cambernon was the last owner of the profit of the Oiselière, then the lands were sold to the Revolution.

Abandonment and restoration

Over time, the buildings serve as building materials for the surrounding residents. In 1878, Father Lecanu notes with sadness that the chapel is divided into several rooms and suitable for secular purposes, a bed occupying the place of the altar^[4]

"All the defensive apparatus of the first fortified manor has practically disappeared: unconscious, the body of water; partially filled, ditches; the enclosure, whose walls are buttressed, is entirely broken; only the double curved porch still gives access to the vast inner courtyard."

After its inscription under the Monument historique list by decree of November 27, 1989 the restoration started.

References

1. ^{{cite book|author= Thomas Le Roy | title=Curieux Recherches du Mont-Saint-Michel|publisher=Caen Le Gost-Clérisse|date=1878|page=329|quote=The first partial destruction of l'Oiselière goes back to the year 1442 when the French army, who have just taken Granville from the King of England, seize the mansion, loot, the partly burn and destroy it.}}
2. ^Michel Delalonde, "Manoirs du pays de Granville", in Art of Lower Normandy n ° 36 winter 1964-1965, .
3. ^{{cite book| language = French | author = Fulgence Girard | title = Geological, archaeological and picturesque history of Mont Saint-Michel at the risk of the sea, | place = Avranches | publisher = Tostain }}
4. ^ History of the Diocese of Coutances and Avranches since the most remote times up to the present day , 1878, volume 2, page 278.