| 词条 | Albanian Superliga | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| logo = File:Kategoria Superiore Logo.svg | pixels = 160px | country = Albania | confed = UEFA | founded = {{Start date and years ago|1910|1|19|df=y}} | teams = 10 (from 2014–15) | relegation = First Division | levels = 1 | domest_cup = Albanian Cup Albanian Supercup | confed_cup = UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League | champions = Skënderbeu Korçë (8th title) | most successful club = Tirana (24 titles) | top_goalscorer = Vioresin Sinani (207 goals){{refn|group=note|Vioresin Sinani according to Albanian media has 208 goals.[1]}} | season = 2017–18 | website = {{Official website|http://fshf.org/competition/superiore-1718/}} | tv = SuperSport Albania | current = 2018–19 Albanian Superliga }} The Albanian Superliga ({{lang-sq|Kategoria Superiore}}) is a professional league for men's association football clubs. At the top of the Albanian football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 10 clubs, and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Albanian First Division. Seasons run from August to May, with teams playing 36 matches each (playing each team in the league four times, twice at home and twice away). The competition was founded in 1930 as the Albanian National Championship ({{lang-sq|Kampionati Kombëtar Shqiptar}}) during the reign of King Zog, shortly after the creation of the Albanian Football Association. Since 1930, 43 clubs have competed in recognized competitions, while only nine clubs have won the title: Tirana (24), Dinamo Tirana (18), Partizani Tirana (15), Vllaznia Shkodër (9), Skënderbeu Korçë (8), Elbasani (2), Flamurtari Vlorë (1), Teuta Durrës (1) and Kukësi (1). The current champions are Skënderbeu Korçë, who won their 8th title in 2017–18 season. HistoryEarly historyFootball was first introduced to Albania by an English-Maltese priest named Gut Ruter, who visited the Saverian college in Shkodër in 1908. The first football club in Albania was Indipendenca, founded in Shkodër in 1912 by Palokë Nika.[2] The first 90-minute game to be played with two 45 minute halves took place in October 1913 between Indipendenca Shkodër and the occupying Austro-Hungarian Imperial Navy. The game is considered to be the first international game to be played in Albania, and it ended in a 2–1 loss for Indipendenca, with the captain and founder of the club Palokë Nika scoring the only goal for the Albanians.[2][3] 1911 Fier Fair Football Tournament{{main article|Fier Fair Football Tournament}}In 2012 historians discovered that a football tournament had taken place in Albania in 1911, some 19 years before the establishment of the Albanian National Championship and the Albanian Football Association. The Fier Fair Football Tournament (Albanian: Turneu Futbollistik i Panairit të Fierit) took place in Rahije, Fier while Albania was still under the administration of the Ottoman Empire and it consisted of 8 teams which were Tirana, Elbasani, Kavaja, Berati, Peqini, Vlora, Fieri and Lushnja. Tirana won the tournament after defeating Peqini 6–1 in the final. The tournament is not officially recognised by the Albanian Football Association or UEFA. The Albanian Football Association did not organise the tournament as the organisation was not formed until 1930.[4] World War II championships{{main article|1939 Albanian Superliga|1940 Albanian Superliga|1942 Albanian Superliga}}Albania was invaded by Italy in April 1939 and World War II soon broke out, meaning the Albanian Football Association, much like the other organisations in the country, ceased operating. Despite the war, three championships were held between 1939 and 1942, with Tirana winning the championships in 1939 and 1942 and Shkodra winning in 1940. Despite calls to recognise these championships, the Albanian Football Association maintains the position that the championships were not organised by them and cannot be formally recognised.[5][6][7] Competition formatSince the 2014–15 Albanian Superliga, the league consists of 10 clubs, who face each other four times in a conventional round-robin tournament for a total of 36 matches. At the end of the season, the two lowest-placed teams are relegated to Albanian First Division while two highest-placed teams of Albanian First Division are promoted in their place. Teams are ranked by total points, then head-to-head record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. Clubs{{location map+|Albania|float=right|width=280|caption=2018–19 Albanian Superliga teams.|places={{location map~|Albania|lat=40.455922|long=19.488986|label=Flamurtari Vlorë|position=right}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=40.081211|long=20.138092|label=Luftëtari|position=top}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=41.3799889|long= 19.7423237|label=Kamza|position=left}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=42.078889|long=20.420278|label=Kukësi|position=left}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=41.64248|long=19.711672|label=Laçi|position=top}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=41.33|long=19.82|label=Partizani|position=right}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=40.625833|long=20.782778|label=Skënderbeu|position=left}}{{location map~|Albania|lat=41.326081|long=19.449856|label=Teuta|position=left}}{{location map~ |Albania |lat=41.512111 |long=19.786728 |label=Kastrioti |position=left}}{{location map~ |Albania |lat=41.319 |long=19.811 |label=Tirana |position=bottom}}}} 2018–19 seasonThe following teams are competing in the Superliga during the 2018–19 season.[8]
List of seasons{{legend|#f4f1d7|Group tournament format|border=#AAAAAA}}{{legend|#e2d6d0|Season was not played|border=#AAAAAA}}{{legend|#e1e5df|Season is not officially recognised|border=#AAAAAA}}
List of clubsThe all-time list of football clubs that have participated in the Superliga, prior to the 2018–2019 season. The ranking is based on the total accumulated points by each club.[9] {{legend|#dce4e8|Club was disbanded|border=#AAAAAA}}
UEFA RankingsCurrent rankings (2018–19)UEFA Country Ranking for league participation in 2018–19 European football season (Previous year rank in italics).
See also
Notes and referencesNotes1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.panorama.com.al/sport/sinani-thote-mjaft-e-mbyll-si-futbollist-ne-fund-te-ketij-sezoni/|title=Vioresin Sinani thotë mjaft: E mbyll si futbollist në fund të këtij edicioni|trans-title=Vioresin Sinani says enough: I finish as a player at the end of the season|publisher=Panorama Sport|language=Albanian|author=Admir Uruçi|date=12 January 2012|accessdate=1 January 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.shkodrasport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3848%3A-paloke-nika-personazhi-historik-i-sportit-shqiptar&catid=45%3Apersonazhe&Itemid=108&lang|title=Palokë Nika – personazhi historik i sportit Shqiptar|date=|accessdate=2014-02-05|publisher=Shkodra Sport|author=Gjergj Kola|language=Albanian}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vllaznia.al/index.php/historia-e-vllaznise-shkoder/83-2013-09-13-19-54-09|title=Një historik i shkurtër i futbollit në Shkodër|date=|accessdate=2014-02-05|publisher=Vllaznia.al|author=|language=Albanian}} 4. ^Sport Ekspres, 14 February 2012, page 7 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526194947/http://www.sportekspres.com/skedare/14shkurt.pdf |date=26 May 2012 }} 5. ^RSSSF 6. ^http://www.giovanniarmillotta.it/albania/calcio/trekampionate.html 7. ^AFA's General Assembly: War championships are not legitimate {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220023736/http://www.partizani.net/files/news.php?readmore=8820 |date=20 February 2014 }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/national/albania/super-league/20172017/regular-season/r37049/ |title=Albania Superliga: Summary|work=Soccerway|publisher=Perform|accessdate=23 February 2017}} 9. ^[https://fshf.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/STATISTIKAT.pdf Shifrat e 79 Kampionateve] References{{reflist|30em}}{{Albanian Superliga top scorers}}{{Albanian Superliga teamlist}}{{Albanian Superliga seasons}}{{Football in Albania}}{{UEFA leagues}} 3 : Albanian Superliga|Football leagues in Albania|Top level football leagues in Europe |
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