词条 | Priority-setting in global health | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
In global health, priority-setting is a term used for the process and strategy of deciding which health interventions to carry out. Priority-setting can be conducted at the disease level (i.e. deciding which disease to alleviate), the overall strategy level (i.e. selective primary healthcare versus primary healthcare versus more general health systems strengthening), research level (i.e. which health research to carry out),[1] or other levels.[2]{{rp|5}} DefinitionsPriority-setting is the act of deciding which health interventions to carry out, and can occur at several levels of granularity. Priority-setting can occur at the following levels:[1][2]{{rp|5}}[1]
Synonymous terms include "prioritization in health care and health research", "priority determination", "health priorities",[6] and "agenda-setting".[2] MetricsVarious metrics have been used to compare interventions. These include:
Who sets the priorities?Priority-setting can be done by various actors. These include:
According to Devi Sridhar, professor of global health at the University of Edinburgh,[6] "the priorities of funding bodies largely dictate what health issues and diseases are studied".[7] History of organizations and programs working on priority-settingAccording to Amanda Glassman et al., global-level priority-setting has occurred since at least the 1980s, though these efforts have only focused on a few aspects.[3] The following table is a timeline of organizations and programs working on priority-setting.
Reception{{cquote|text=The result of a myriad of actors championing a kaleidoscope of "priorities" is confusion. Advocates, researchers, and policy makers have labeled almost every disease, condition, medication, or intervention a "health priority."|author=Glassman et al.[3]}}Rudan et al. says that priority-setting efforts have relied on "consensus reached by panels of experts" and as a result have not been systematic enough, and that this has "often made it difficult to present the identified priorities to wider audiences as legitimate and fair".[12] Glassman et al. notes that criticisms of priority-setting include "the weak data on which estimates of burden, cost, and effectiveness relied; the value judgments implicit in disability-adjusted life year age weighting and discounting decisions; and treatment of equity issues, as well as the political difficulties associated with translating a ground zero package into a public budget based on historical inputs"; and the consideration of only health maximization at the expense of other objectives such as fairness.[3]{{rp|16}} Glassman et al. also notes how there are more cost-effectiveness studies for LMICs (in the thousands), but that these are unlikely to be actually applied to priority-setting processes.[3]{{rp|16}} Jeremy Shiffman has said that some bodies such as the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and The Lancet are prominent in priority-setting due to their dominion rather than data and analysis, and also notes that the process of creating the Sustainable Development Goals was not sufficiently transparent.[30]See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://globalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/CallForAbstract.pdf |title=Call for Abstracts: Priority Setting for Universal Health Coverage |accessdate=June 23, 2016 |publisher=Prince Mahidol Award Conference 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite journal| volume = 370| issue = 9595| pages = 1370–1379| last1 = Shiffman| first1 = Jeremy| last2 = Smith| first2 = Stephanie| title = Generation of political priority for global health initiatives: a framework and case study of maternal mortality| journal = The Lancet| accessdate = 2016-07-26| date = 2007| url = http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/advocacy/JShiffman-globalsmarticle-Lancet.pdf| doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61579-7| pmid = 17933652}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.gheart.2012.01.007| pmid = 25691165| issn = 2211-8160| volume = 7| issue = 1| pages = 13–34| last1 = Glassman| first1 = Amanda| last2 = Chalkidou| first2 = Kalipso| last3 = Giedion| first3 = Ursula| last4 = Teerawattananon| first4 = Yot| last5 = Tunis| first5 = Sean| last6 = Bump| first6 = Jesse B.| last7 = Pichon-Riviere| first7 = Andres| title = Priority-Setting Institutions in Health| journal = Global Heart| date = March 2012}} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite book| edition = 2nd| publisher = World Bank| isbn = 978-0-8213-6179-5| editors = Dean T. Jamison, Joel G. Breman, Anthony R. Measham, George Alleyne, Mariam Claeson, David B. Evans, Prabhat Jha, Anne Mills, Philip Musgrove (eds.)| last1 = Bloom| first1 = Barry R.| last2 = Michaud| first2 = Catherine M.| last3 = La Montagne| first3 = John R.| last4 = Simonsen| first4 = Lone| title = Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries| chapter = Priorities for Global Research and Development of Interventions| location = Washington (DC)| accessdate = 2016-06-30| date = 2006| chapterurl = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11751/| pmid = 21250329}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://files.givewell.org/files/conversations/Glassman%2011-13-13%20(public).pdf |title=A conversation with Amanda Glassman on November 13, 2013 |date=November 13, 2013 |accessdate=June 21, 2016 |publisher=GiveWell}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cphs.mvm.ed.ac.uk/people/staffProfile.php?profile=dsridhar |date=September 30, 2015 |title=Centre for Population Health Sciences - People |accessdate=July 27, 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001312| issn = 1549-1676| volume = 9| issue = 9| pages = –1001312| last = Sridhar| first = Devi| title = Who Sets the Global Health Research Agenda? The Challenge of Multi-Bi Financing| journal = PLOS Med| date = 2012-09-25}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/medicines/events/fs/en/ |title=The WHO Essential Medicines List (EML): 30th anniversary |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=June 26, 2016}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/8/11-095513/en/ |date=September 1, 2011 |title=A systematic review of Demographic and Health Surveys: data availability and utilization for research |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=July 20, 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.oregon.gov/oha/herc/Pages/Prioritized-List-Overview.aspx |title=Health Evidence Review Commission Prioritized List Overview |accessdate=July 2, 2016 |publisher=Oregon.gov}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.oregon.gov/oha/herc/Documents/Brief-History-Health-Services-Prioritization-Oregon.pdf |accessdate=July 2, 2016 |title=A Brief History of Health Services Prioritization in Oregon |authors=Bob DiPrete and Darren Coffman |date=March 2007}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite journal |author=Igor Rudan |date=October 2007 |title=Setting Priorities in Global Child Health Research Investments: Assessment of Principles and Practice |journal=Croat Med J. |pmc=2205967 |pmid=17948946 |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=595–604|display-authors=etal}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cohred.org/downloads/open_archive/ComReports_0.pdf |title=Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development |year=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://dcp-3.org/about-project |title=About the Project |accessdate=March 30, 2016}} 15. ^{{Cite journal| issn = 0268-1080 |eissn=1460-2237| volume = 13| issue = 1| pages = 13–31| last1 = Paalman| first1 = Maria| last2 = Bekedam| first2 = Henk| last3 = Hawken| first3 = Laura| last4 = Nyheim| first4 = David| title = A Critical Review of Priority Setting in the Health Sector: The Methodology of the 1993 World Development Report| journal = Health Policy and Planning| accessdate = 2016-07-07| date = 1998-01-01| url = http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1/13| pmid = 10178182| doi=10.1093/heapol/13.1.13}} 16. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2105/AJPH.2004.042002| issn = 0090-0036| volume = 95| issue = 1| pages = 60–70| last = Ruger| first = Jennifer Prah| title = The Changing Role of the WORLD BANK in Global Health| journal = American Journal of Public Health| date = January 2005| pmid = 15623860| pmc = 1449852}} 17. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal |vauthors=Rudan I, Kapiriri L, Tomlinson M, Balliet M, Cohen B, Chopra M |date=July 13, 2010 |title=Evidence-Based Priority Setting for Health Care and Research: Tools to Support Policy in Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health in Africa |journal = PLOS Medicine|volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=e1000308 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000308 |pmid=20644640 |pmc=2903581 }} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/choice/cost-effectiveness/en/ |title=WHO - WHO-CHOICE |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=June 23, 2016}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/choice/about/en/ |title=WHO - Who we are |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=June 23, 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cgdev.org/working-group/priority-setting-institutions-global-health |title=Priority-Setting Institutions for Global Health |publisher=Center for Global Development |accessdate=June 21, 2016}} 21. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S1| issn = 1471-2458| volume = 13| issue = 3| pages = S1| last1 = Walker| first1 = Neff| last2 = Tam| first2 = Yvonne| last3 = Friberg| first3 = Ingrid K.| title = Overview of the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)| journal = BMC Public Health| date = 2013| pmid=24564438| pmc=3847271}} 22. ^1 2 {{Cite journal| last = Durand-Bourjate| first = Yannick| title = Setting Priorities in Health Interventions| accessdate = 2016-07-05| date = February 2010| url = http://www.nadel.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/nadel-dam/documents/mas/mas-essays/MAS_2008_Durand_Bourjate_Yannick.pdf}} 23. ^{{cite web |title=WHO's arrangement for hosting health partnerships and proposals for harmonizing WHO's work with hosted partnerships |publisher=World Health Organization |date=January 18, 2013 |url=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_5Add9-en.pdf}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2002/09/Initiative-to-Assess-Disease-Control-Priorities-in-Developing-Countries |title=New Initiative Will Assess Disease Control Priorities In Developing Countries |date=September 2002 |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |accessdate=June 21, 2016}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ivi.org/web/www/02_05_07 |publisher=International Vaccine Institute |title=SIVAC Initiative |accessdate=June 26, 2016}} 26. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.evidem.org/the-evidem-collaboration/about-us/ |publisher=EVIDEM Collaboration |title=About us |accessdate=July 19, 2016}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.evidem.org/evidem-framework/decision-criteria-of-the-framework/ |title=Decision criteria of the framework |accessdate=July 19, 2016 |publisher=EVIDEM Collaboration}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.idsihealth.org/blog/idsi2-launch/ |title=International Decision Support Initiative awarded US$12.8m grant from the Gates Foundation |publisher=iDSI |accessdate=May 26, 2016 |date=January 30, 2016}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2015/12/OPP1134345 |title=National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |date=December 2015 |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}} 30. ^{{Cite journal| doi = 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.51| issn = 2322-5939| volume = 4| issue = 5| pages = 315–317| last = Levine| first = Ruth E.| title = Power in global health agenda-setting: the role of private funding| journal = International Journal of Health Policy and Management| date = 2015-03-04| pmid = 25905483| pmc = 4417636}} 2 : Global health|Health-related timelines |
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