| 词条 | Progesterone vaginal ring |
| 释义 |
| name = Progesterone vaginal ring | image = NuvaRing compressed.jpg | width = 150px | caption = A similar birth control vaginal ring | bc_type = Hormonal | date_first_use = 1998 | rate_type = Failure | perfect_failure% = | perfect_failure_ref = | typical_failure% = 1.5 | typical_failure_ref =[1] | duration_effect = 3 months | reversibility = | user_reminders = | clinic_interval = | STD_protection_YesNo = no[2] | periods_advantage = periods may not occur while ring is inserted | benefits = easy insertion and removal[3] | weight_gain_loss = }}Progesterone vaginal ring, also known as progesterone-only vaginal ring, is a form of vaginal ring used for birth control when breastfeeding.[1] Use can begin at four weeks and continue for at least up to a year following childbirth.[5][3] Failure rates with usual use is about 1.5 per 100 women.[1] It is used within the vagina with one ring lasting three months.[5] The woman is able to place and remove the ring herself.[2] Side effects include vaginal discharge and pain with urination.[2] It does not appear to be associated with serious side effects.[2][3] With use menstrual periods often do not resume.[1] It was specifically made for use with breastfeeding as it does not affect milk production.[1] It works by gradually releasing the hormone progesterone.[1] Progesterone vaginal rings have been approved for medical use since 1998.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[4] As of 2014 they are available in a number of South and Central American countries.[1] As of 2016 it is not available in the United States.[5] It was developed by the Population Council and is sold under the brand name Progering.[6][7] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|last1=Whitaker|first1=Amy|last2=Gilliam|first2=Melissa|title=Contraception for Adolescent and Young Adult Women|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781461465799|page=98|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=vMQkBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229100051/https://books.google.ca/books?id=vMQkBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|archivedate=2016-12-29|df=}} {{Progesterone}}{{Birth control methods}}{{Progestogens and antiprogestogens}}{{Progesterone receptor modulators}}{{Portal bar|Pharmacy and pharmacology|Medicine}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|title=The selection and use of essential medicines: Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children).|date=2015|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789240694941|pages=334–335|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/189763/1/9789241209946_eng.pdf?ua=1|accessdate=8 December 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085929/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/189763/1/9789241209946_eng.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=20 December 2016|df=}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Carr|first1=SL|last2=Gaffield|first2=ME|last3=Dragoman|first3=MV|last4=Phillips|first4=S|title=Safety of the progesterone-releasing vaginal ring (PVR) among lactating women: A systematic review.|journal=Contraception|date=September 2016|volume=94|issue=3|pages=253–61|pmid=25869631}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Greenberg|first1=Jerrold S.|last2=Bruess|first2=Clint E.|last3=Oswalt|first3=Sara B.|title=Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality|date=2016|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781284081541|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195514/https://books.google.ca/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA217|archivedate=2016-12-28|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Added to WHO 2015 Essential Medicines List and Included in Medical Eligibility Criteria Guidance for Providers {{!}} Population Council|url=http://www.popcouncil.org/news/population-councils-progesterone-contraceptive-vaginal-ring-added-to-who-20|website=www.popcouncil.org|accessdate=28 December 2016|date=9 June 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229030853/http://www.popcouncil.org/news/population-councils-progesterone-contraceptive-vaginal-ring-added-to-who-20|archivedate=29 December 2016|df=}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Progesterone Vaginal Ring|url=https://www.path.org/publications/files/RHSC_progesterone_br.pdf|website=PATH|accessdate=28 December 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201139/https://www.path.org/publications/files/RHSC_progesterone_br.pdf|archivedate=5 November 2017|df=}} 3 : Progesterone|World Health Organization essential medicines|RTT |
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