“Project FF”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Project FF

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{{For|the long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber commonly referred to as the Big Ugly Fat Fucker|Boeing B-52 Stratofortress}}Project FF or Fat Fucker was a Central Intelligence Agency project in Egypt, aimed at pressuring King Farouk into political reforms. The project was masterminded by CIA Director Allen Dulles, Secretary of State Dean Acheson, CIA operative Kermit "Kim" Roosevelt Jr., and CIA Station Chief in Cairo Miles Copeland, Jr.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Historian Matthew F. Holland wrote: "Kim's idea was to orchestrate 'peaceful revolution' in Egypt to replace the corrupt political system in Egypt with a progressive dictatorship under the king that would be more amenable to American control. Copeland had unofficially named the operation 'Project FF', the 'FF' unflattering standing for 'fat Fucker'."

^[4]

However, due to the unwillingness of Farouk to change, the project moved to support his overthrow, and Roosevelt secretly met with the Free Officers Movement,^[4] which overthrew Farouk in a coup d'état led by General Mohammed Naguib and Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser on 23 July 1952.^[5]^[6]

References

1. ^Hugh Wilford, America's Great Game: The CIA's Secret Arabists and the Shaping of the Modern Middle East. Basic Books, 2013
2. ^Geoffrey Wawro, Quicksand: America's Pursuit of Power in the Middle East. The Penguin Press, 2010.
3. ^Miles Axe Copeland, Jr., The Game of Nations: The Amorality of Power Politics, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971
4. ^¹{{cite book |last1=Holland |first1=Matthew F. |date=July 11, 1996 |publisher=Praeger |title=America and Egypt: From Roosevelt to Eisenhower |isbn=978-0275954741 |pages=27}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.vice.com/article/the-egyptian-militarys-long-con-is-almost-complete |title=The Egyptian Military's Long Con Is Almost Complete |date= March 26, 2014|work=Vice News |publisher=Vice |accessdate=2 August 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/as-mubarak-lay-dying |title=Mubarak Lay Dying |date=June 20, 2012|publisher=The New Yorker |accessdate=2 August 2016}}

5 : Central Intelligence Agency operations|CIA activities in Africa|20th century in Egypt|Egypt–United States relations|1950s coups d'état and coup attempts

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