| 释义 |
- Reconstructed forms
- See also
- References
The Proto-Aslian language is the reconstructed proto-language of the Aslian languages of Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. It has been reconstructed by Timothy Phillips (2012).[1] Reconstructed formsThe 289 reconstructed Proto-Aslian forms below are from Phillips (2012:259-262). {{refbegin|3}}- [bə]teew ‘water, river’
- [ca(n)]bɨŋ ‘spider’
- [d/g]arɯɯɲ ‘termite’
- [gə]liik ‘to swallow’
- [gə]rɛɛs ‘liver’
- [ɟa]lɯɯʔ ‘pig’
- [kə]soom ‘nest’
- [lə]bit ‘to close (eyes)’
- [m/n]uay ‘one’
- [pə]tam ‘to plant’
- [s/h]uəc ‘to whistle’
- [s]paay ‘new’
- [sa]tam ‘right (side)’
- [tam]pɯɯs ‘to sweep’
- [ʔa]tiɛʔ ‘earth’
- [ʔən]cɛɛn ‘cooked’
- {(–)l–} ‘(iterative)’
- {(-)m-} ‘(nominalizer agentive)’
- {(-)n-} ‘(nominalizer)’
- {pər-} ‘(causative)’
- {–ra–} ‘(plural/comparative)’
- baay ‘to dig’
- bakaʔ ‘descendant’
- baliiŋ ‘sky’
- baʔ ‘to carry on back’
- bəhɔ(ɔ)l ‘deer’
- bəhiiʔ ‘sated (of food)’
- bək ‘to tie’
- bəkaaw ‘flower’
- bəkah ‘to break’
- bəlaaw ‘blowgun’
- bəliiŋ ‘arm’
- bəlooʔ ‘thigh’
- bənɨ(ɨ)m ‘mountain’
- bərɔl ‘dart butt’
- bəriʔ ‘forest’
- bətees ‘mushroom’
- bəy[oo]k ‘white’
- bəʔaak ‘flood’
- bəʔet ‘good’
- bɨt ‘hot’
- bɯɯl ‘drunk’
- bɯɯʔ ‘to suck’
- boh ‘to put/place’
- bus ‘cane’
- buyaaʔ ‘alligator’
- ca(a)l ‘to say’
- caaʔ ‘to eat’
- cah ‘cah’
- cap ‘to catch’
- cɔk ‘to stab’
- cɛ(ɛ)s ‘to tear’
- cɛ(ɛ)ʔ ‘louse’
- cə(n)ruas ‘fingernail’
- cədaaw ‘rainbow’
- cədək ‘to hiccough’
- cɛɛm ‘bird’
- cɛɛn ‘to cook’
- cəgɛh ‘hard’
- cəkʔiɛk ‘gecko’
- cəloon ‘back’
- cəma(a)ʔ ‘sharp’
- cəntɯɯgŋ ‘drum’
- cəŋcɛ̃ɛ̃ŋ ‘eyebrow’
- cərəs ‘rib’
- cəruuʔ ‘winnow basket’
- ciip ‘to walk’
- cɨl ‘tattoo’
- coom ‘to burn’
- cuam ‘to dig’
- cuəh ‘to defecate’
- cuəʔ ‘dog’
- daŋ ‘to see’
- dɔŋ ‘t.o. monkey’
- deh ‘they (3P)’
- dəka(a)n ‘bamboo rat’
- dəlũũʔ ‘to push’
- dɯɯŋ ‘house’
- duuy ‘afternoon’
- gaal ‘waist’
- gaɲ ‘to bite’
- gɔl ‘to carry on back’
- gəcɛɛʔ ‘moon’
- gəhɛɛt ‘sweet’
- gəlisɛɛh ‘to whisper’
- gəluk ‘to laugh’
- gəriɛŋ ‘monitor lizard’
- gətɔh ‘to spit’
- gɨn ‘they (3P)’
- gɯɯm ‘to winnow’
- gulam ‘to carry on shoulder’
- guul ‘mortar’
- hã(ã)n ‘where’
- haar ‘we two (1D.IN)’
- halap ‘to raft’
- hawa(a)r ‘mucus’
- heeʔ ‘you (2S)’
- hə̃m ‘to breathe’
- hiiʔ ‘we (1P.IN)’
- hiŋkaaʔ ‘to play’
- ɟaam / ʔiɟaam ‘to cry’
- ɟak ‘to step on’
- ɟaŋka(a)ʔ ‘chin/jaw’
- ɟarlaaʔ ‘thorn’
- ɟɔ̃ɔ̃t ‘to suck’
- ɟeeʔ ‘we (1P.EX)’
- ɟəhuuʔ ‘tree’
- ɟəl ‘to bark’
- ɟəʔaaŋ ‘bone’
- ɟɨk ‘to breathe’
- ɟɯɯk ‘to move’
- ɟuŋ ‘foot/leg’
- k[a]niɛʔ ‘mouse’
- k[a]ʔiɛp ‘centipede’
- kaac ‘to scratch’
- kaaʔ ‘fish’
- kamiɛk ‘to carry under arm’
- kaɲɔŋ ‘elbow’
- kanɛ(ɛ)t ‘small’
- kap ‘to bite’
- karɛɛy ‘thunder’
- karəŋ ‘tree trunk’
- kawããp ‘bear’
- kayoot ‘pregnant’
- kɔɔɲ ‘male’
- ke ‘he/she (3S)’
- ke(e)ŋ ‘to pull’
- kə(n)siir ‘husband’
- kəbəc ‘to fish’
- kəbɛɛc ‘to spit’
- kəbɨɨʔ ‘fruit’
- kəbɨs ‘to die’
- kəboʔ ‘mosquito’
- kədɛk ‘bitter’
- kɛɛʔ ‘to seek’
- kəhuəy ‘to gape’
- kəl ‘to fall’
- kəlaaŋ ‘eagle’
- kəlapuəh ‘shoulder’
- kəlɨɨt ‘firefly’
- kəluəŋ ‘inside’
- kəm ‘to obtain’
- kəmbaar ‘twin’
- kəmeet ‘mosquito’
- kəmooc ‘ghost’
- kəmuar ‘worm, caterpillar’
- kəmuən ‘nephew’
- kəɲaaŋ ‘quick’
- kəndah ‘wife’
- kəpiil ‘turtle’
- kərɔʔ ‘back’
- kərɟɛr ‘to dance’
- kəroom ‘under’
- kərual ‘knee’
- kəteŋ ‘calf (leg)’
- kətɯɯʔ ‘skin, bark’
- kəyɔŋ ‘to hear’
- kiɛt ‘anus’
- kipaaŋ ‘top’
- kɯɯʔ ‘to vomit’
- kooɲ ‘male’
- krkbaak ‘butterfly’
- kuəm ‘to hold, grasp’
- kuən ‘child’
- kuuy ‘head’
- lakuəm ‘brain’
- las ‘ant’
- lɛc ‘wrong/miss’
- ləda(a)ʔ ‘armpit’
- leew ‘bamboo’
- ləhiɛŋ ‘saliva’
- lək ‘quiver’
- ləmooɲ ‘tooth’
- ləɲsiɲ ‘gums’
- ləntaak ‘tongue’
- ləŋɛ(ɛ)ʔ ‘neck’
- ləsəm ‘rain’
- ləwɛɛy ‘bee’
- liɛp ‘to plait (leaves)’
- m(??)h ‘you (2S)’
- mahaam ‘blood’
- man ‘to play’
- mat ‘eye’
- mɔɔh ‘nose’
- məriɛm ‘how many?’
- miɛŋ ‘cheek’
- mro(o)ɲ ‘louse’
- muuh ‘to bathe’
- napak ‘boar’
- nɔɔm ‘to urinate’
- nɛŋ ‘before’
- niis ‘mat’
- nooŋ ‘road’
- ɲooʔ ‘to suck’
- padaw ‘bee’
- pak ‘to chop’
- paraaʔ ‘shelf’
- pareeʔ ‘monitor lizard’
- pəhɨɨm ‘to break wind’
- pəlɛ(ɛ)ʔ ‘astonished’
- pəleek ‘bat’
- pəlɛɛʔ ‘fruit’
- pələm ‘leech’
- pəluaŋ ‘roof’
- pənlɯɯŋ ‘egg’
- pərəc ‘wing’
- pəʔaas ‘turtle’
- pɨɨt ‘to extinguish’
- pɨt ‘to blow’
- puk ‘chicken’
- rəmpiɛt ‘to thresh’
- rəwaay ‘soul’
- riɛt ‘to wring’
- rudɔŋ ‘friend’
- ruəp ‘friend’
- ruəy ‘fly’
- ruuy ‘to sow’
- rʔiɛs / ʔriɛs ‘root’
- sa(a)r ‘to descend’
- sɔɔk ‘hair, feather’
- sɛ(ɛ)ɲ ‘end’
- sə[n]taaʔ ‘tail’
- sɛc ‘flesh’
- sɛɛh ‘to pound’
- sɛɛl ‘shy’
- səgu(u)ʔ ‘to ask, request’
- səlaay ‘field’
- səlaaʔ ‘leaf’
- səlɨʔdeʔ ‘cockroach’
- səluuh ‘to blowpipe’
- səmaaɲ ‘to ask’
- səmaaʔ ‘human being’
- səŋɛc ‘cold’
- səŋəp ‘darkness’
- siɛc ‘to steal’
- siɛm ‘to forget’
- sisɛʔ ‘to dance’
- siyãʔ ‘house’
- sɯɯc ‘to sting’
- suək ‘navel’
- suəm ‘marrow’
- suuc ‘to wash’
- suup ‘lung’
- taaɲ ‘to plait, weave’
- tabooʔ ‘thumb’
- taɟaak ‘to carry in hand’
- taɟuuʔ ‘snake’
- talun ‘python’
- tawɔɔh ‘t.o. gibbon’
- tawiiŋ ‘spider’
- tɔɔt ‘to burn’
- təbiŋ ‘full’
- təhop ‘turtle’
- təhuəl ‘to blow’
- təkɔɔʔ ‘pus’
- təmɔʔ ‘stone’
- təmkal ‘male’
- təniit ‘lip’
- təŋ(k)əm ‘molar’
- tiɛk ‘to sleep’
- tiɛl ‘footprint’
- tiil ‘to dry’
- tool ‘to carry on head’
- tuəs ‘to pull out’
- wɔɔk ‘to wake up’
- we(e)n ‘to throw out’
- weeh ‘they two (3D)’
- weel ‘again’
- wɛ̃ɛ̃n ‘to squeeze’
- wiɛl ‘left (side)’
- yɛɛʔ ‘I (1S)’
- ʔaap ‘tiger’
- ʔaat ‘stick/spear’
- ʔas ‘to swell’
- ʔawak ‘ladle’
- ʔɔ̃ɔ̃ɲ ‘to smell’
- ʔɔɔs ‘fire’
- ʔə[k]ʔaak ‘crow’
- ʔɛc ‘belly, excrement’
- ʔəmpuaʔ ‘to dream’
- ʔəndɯɯm ‘ripe’
- ʔəɲiiʔ ‘before’
- ʔəntaŋ ‘ear’
- ʔəntap ‘testicle’
- ʔiiɲ ‘I (1S)’
- ʔoo[k/ŋ] ‘wasp’
- ʔoor ‘to command’
- ʔuək ‘to give’
- ʔuuy ‘to do’
{{refend}}See also- Proto-Austroasiatic language
References1. ^Phillips, Timothy C. 2012. Proto-Aslian: towards an understanding of its historical linguistic systems, principles and processes. Ph.D. thesis, Institut Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
- Phillips, Timothy C. 2012. Proto-Aslian: towards an understanding of its historical linguistic systems, principles and processes. Ph.D. thesis, Institut Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
- Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
2 : Aslian languages|Proto-languages |