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词条 Albert Bartholomé
释义

  1. Biography

  2. Main works

  3. Images of the Père-Lachaise – Monument aux morts

  4. Main works (continued)

  5. Note

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Gallery of images

  9. External links

{{Infobox artist
| name = Albert Bartholomé
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1848|8|4}}
| birth_place = Thiverval-Grignon, France
| death_date = 1928 (aged 79-80)
| death_place = Paris, France
| spouse = Prospérie de Fleury
| nationality = French
| residence =
| field = Sculpture
| training = École des Beaux-Arts
| movement = Romantic; Art Nouveau
| signature =
| works = Fillette pleurant
Croix de guerre
| patrons =
| influenced by =
| influenced =
| awards = Grand Prize, 1900 Exposition Universelle
| elected =
| website =
}}Paul-Albert Bartholomé was a French painter and sculptor. He was born on 29 August 1848 in Thiverval-Grignon, Yvelines, France, and died in 1928 in Paris. He won the Grand Prize for sculpture at the Exposition Universelle in 1900. He exhibited paintings at the Salon from 1879 to 1886, but thereafter devoted his work to sculpture.[1]

Biography

He studied law and fought in the Franco-Prussian War in General Bourbaki's army and became a prisoner in Switzerland. In due course he attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where he studied painting under Barthélemy Menn and Jean-Léon Gérôme.[1] He then set himself up in a studio in Paris and became a close friend of Edgar Degas. He married the daughter of a marquis, Prospérie de Fleury, but she died at a young age in 1887.

Much encouraged by Degas he decided to try his hand at sculpture and executed the moving sculpture which marked his wife's grave in Crépy-en-Valois. He now concentrated exclusively on sculpture and from 1891 onwards he exhibited each year at the yearly Salon of the Société nationale des Beaux-arts. Funerary sculpture was very much in vogue in France at that time and much of Bartholomé's is death related and his masterpiece is the monument in Père Lachaise Cemetery dedicated to all the dead.

He was to work on this for ten years and the inauguration took place in 1899. The "Monument the Dead" is disturbing and involves twenty one larger than life size figures all showing different emotions and reactions to death. There is little sentiment in this composition which is uncompromising, secular and human, although there is an inference that a "light" will defeat the darkness, with the inscription: {{Quotation|"Upon those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death a light has dawned".|}} As a painter he was said to be influenced by Jules Bastien-Lepage.[2][3]

Main works

Name of sculptureLocation of sculptureDate work executedNotes
Bust of Federico ZandomeneghiMusée d'Orsay1890Zandomeneghi was an Italian painter. The museum hold the original plaster model.[4]
"Petite fille pleurant"Musée d'Orsay1894A bronze shown at the 1894 Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. There are several copies in circulation. There is a marble version in L'Hermitage, in Paris' Petit Palais, and a limestone version in Copenhagen's Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. A bronze limited edition was issued by Siot-Decauville.[5]
"Project for a Monument to the Dead"Père Lachaise cemetery1891-1895In 1891 Bartholomé presented to the Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts individual figures which would eventually be part of his great masterpiece and in 1895 submitted to the Salon the definitive version of his work, 10 metres long by 6 metres high, with the title "Project for a Monument to the Dead". It was an immense success and the French State and the city of Paris joined to commission a version in Euville stone which was erected at the end of the main walkway of the Père Lachaise cemetery. The unveiling took place on November 1, 1899, and on that first day almost 100,000 people visited the cemetery. The Art Institute of Chicago have a bronze dating to 1900 entitled "Lamenting Group" which is a copy of the group to the left of the tomb's entrance. This can be seen in the gallery below.[6]

The monument takes the form of an Egyptian Mastaba and the upper tier shows a couple passing from life to death through the entrance to the tomb and around the entrance are two other groups of people. Below we see death itself with a dead couple and their child whilst "l'Esprit de vie et de lumière" extends her arms towards them. The group to the left, hide their faces, hide their grief and despair and these are those left behind on the death of a loved one. The group on the right, equally despairing, are those about to die and enter the tomb.

[7]

Images of the Père-Lachaise – Monument aux morts

Main works (continued)

Name of sculptureLocation of sculptureDate work executedNotes
Mask of Tadamasa HayashiMusée d'Orsay1892Tadamasa Hayashi was an art dealer who did much to promote Japanese culture in Paris between 1878 and 1902. The mask is in bronze with a red patina. A bronze version with a black patina is held by the Musée des Beaux-Arts et de la Dentelle in Calais and another with the red patina is held by the Takaoka Art Museum. Shown at the Salon of the Société nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1894[8]
Madame Guillaume DubufeMusée d'Orsay1895A statuette in marble shown at the Salon of the Société nationale des beaux-arts in 1895. Dubufe was a French painter. Bartholomé was also commissioned to execute a white marble bas-relief for the Dubufe tomb in Père-Lachaise. This tomb was also the burial place of Dubufe's daughter, the painter and sculptress Juliette Dubufe.[9][10]
"Adam and Eve"Hermitage Museum. Saint Petersburg1900
The tomb of Henri MeilhacCimetière Montmartre. Paris1900Another "Douleur" created for the tomb of the French librettist.[11]
Tomb of Pam familyCimetière Montmartre. Paris1902Bartholomé's marble sculpture of a caryatid decorates this tomb. The sculpture was exhibited at the 1902 Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts.[12]
"Le Printemps. Le chant du Mariage"'Musée d'Orsay1906A commemorative plaque in silver copper. There is also a copy of the plaque in the Paris Musée des Arts décoratifs and another in Brême.[13]
Bust of Madame BartholoméMusée d'Orsay1908Madame Bartholomé née Florence Letessier became Bartholomé's second wife in 1901, fourteen years after the death of Propérie de Fleury. The work was shown at the Salon of the Société nationale des Beaux-Arts in 1908.[14]
The tomb of Honoré ChampionMontparnasse Cemetery
Monument to Jean-Jacques RousseauPantheon1910The inauguration of this monument took place on the 30 June 1912. The central part of the work depicts three seated women, allegories for "La Philosophie, la Vérité et la Nature". The work was shown at the 1910 Salon of the Société nationale des Beaux-Arts.[15] To the right of the three women stands Bartholomé's "La Gloire" and a smaller plaster model of the work can be seen in the Orléans, Musée des Beaux-Arts, with a marble version, also smaller in size, being held by Rouen's Musée des Beaux-Arts. A medallion depicting Jean-Jacques Rousseau also features as part of the Panthéon monument and the Musée d'Orsay hold a copy.[16][17]

"La Musique" completed the composition, this allegory standing on the left hand side of the three seated women. All three works were completed in 1910 and the Musée d'Orsay hold plaster models of them. Again versions of "La Musique" can be seen in Orléans and Rouen.

[18]

.The work "La Gloire" was used for three monument aux morts. A version in bronze stands proudly on the memorial at Cormeilles-en-Parisis in the Val d'Oise, see image below. It also decorates the memorial at Saint-Jean-d'Angély in Charente Maritime and Plazac the latter being a smaller version.[19]

"Jeune fille se coiffant"Musée des Beaux-Arts Bordeaux1917A high-relief in limestone depicting a young woman doing her hair.[20]
The Croix de GuerreBartholomé designed the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France).
Le Creusot War Memorial (monument aux morts)Le Creusot1919When in 1919 Eugène Schneider decided to build a memorial to the Le Creusot workers who died in the 1914-1918 war and to his son Henri-Paul who was killed in aerial combat in 1918 over Aspach he approached Bartholomé to carry out the sculptural work. The project was abandoned and in due course another sculptor was found but Bartholomé had already had two of the figures involved cast in bronze as well as the bas-reliefs. These can be seen at the l'Académie François Bourdon.[21][22]
Montbrison War Memorial (monument aux morts)Montbrison1919"Dr EMILE REYMOND SENATOR DE LA LOIRE APOTRE DE L'AVIATION MORT AU CHAMP D'HONNEUR 1865-1914"|}}

At the side of this group are reliefs of two female figures, that on the left an allegory for medicine and that on the right an allegory for aviation.

[23]
"La Douleur"Musée d'Orsay1920The museum hold a marble replica of the representation of "Grief" which decorated the monument to the authors and dramatic composers who gave their lives in the 1914-1918 war. The work, but in stone, was shown at the 1914 Salon and is held in the Musée de Barentin. A version in biscuit was made by Sèvres.[24]
Monument aux Morts at Crépy-en-ValoisCrépy-en-Valois. Oise1925Crépy-en-Valois' war memorial features a woman weeping over the corpse of a dead soldier, a replica of the "le soldat gisant" statue commissioned in 1918 by Marie Henriette Bernard de Sassenay, for the tomb of her son, Jacques Benoist de Laumont. Albert Bartholomé completed the Crépy-en-Valois sculpture for free in memory of his deceased wife who had been born in the nearby village of Bouillant. It was inaugurated on 11 November 1925.[25] It was Albert Bartholomé who was responsible for the famous Monument aux Morts in the Pere Lachaise cemetery. See detail from this Monument aux Morts below. There is also a notable Bartholomé sculpture in nearby Bouillant this being for the grave of his wife.[26]
Cognac War Memorial (monument aux morte)Cognac1921/1922The war memorial stands in the Boulevard Denfert Rochereau and Bartholomé's white marble sculpture depicts two women both holding the one sword, one an allegory for the 1870 war and the other the 1914-1918 war. The victor of 1918 supports the loser of 1870. The first woman, head held high, and wearing an infantryman's helmet, is an allegory for the victorious France of 1918. She consoles her colleague, whose head is covered by a widow's shroud and who represents the France defeated by the Prussians in 1870.[27]
Soissons War Memorial (monument aux morts)Soissons1914"1181. Abolition des Servitudes Feodales a Soissons"|}}

In the south west corner is a knight carrying a sword. The inscription tells his story{{Quotation|"923. Carolingien defenseur de Soissons. Capital Franque"|}}

The south east and north east facing corners have statues depicting French soldiers of the Great War.[28]

Monument aux Morts des Écrivains et gens de LettresThis monument is dedicated to all writers and men of letters who gave their lives for France 1914-1918. It is in the garden of the rue Ballu in Paris (hôtel de la rue Henner).[29][30]
War Memorial (monument aux morts)Palais de Justice ParisIn the Salle des Pas Perdus is Bartholome's memorial dedicated to all those members of the French judiciary who gave their lives in the 1914-1918 war. A robed judge places a soldier's helmet on the head of a lawyer.

Note

In 1924 Bartholome executed a monument to Victorien Sardou which was erected by a public fountain in the Place de la Madeleine. In bronze the sculpture depicted a seated Sardou and behind him were allegories of comedy and drama. In 1941 the Germans had the monument dismantled so that the bronze could be melted down and reused.

[31]

See also

  • War memorials (Aisne)- See Soissons entry
  • War memorials (Oise)-See entry on Monument aux Morts at Crépy-en-Valois

References

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kjellberg|first1=Pierre|title=Bronzes of the 19th Century|date=1994|publisher=Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.|location=Atglen, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-88740-629-7|pages=52–53}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.janinetissot.fdaf.org/jt_bartholome.htm|title=Some biographical information|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museeduplatre.fr/pdf_lb/La_Lettre_Blanche_n_26.pdf|title=Some further biographical information|accessdate=10 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308051008/http://www.museeduplatre.fr/pdf_lb/La_Lettre_Blanche_n_26.pdf|archive-date=2014-03-08|dead-url=yes|df=}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/joconde_fr?ACTION=RETROUVER&FIELD_98=AUTR&VALUE_98=BARTHOLOME%20Albert&NUMBER=2&GRP=0&REQ=%28%28BARTHOLOME%20Albert%29%20%3aAUTR%20%29&USRNAME=nobody&USRPWD=4%24%2534P&SPEC=3&SYN=1&IMLY=&MAX1=1&MAX2=1&MAX3=100&DOM=All|title=Federico Zandomeneghi|accessdate=9 June 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=004948&cHash=a2df43297a|title=Petite fille pleurant|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/102104?search_no=4&index=0|title=Lamenting Group|accessdate=9 June 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.petit-patrimoine.com/fiche-petit-patrimoine.php?id_pp=75120_2|title=Père-Lachaise monument to the dead|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=2|title=Mask of Tadamasa Hayashi|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?nnumid=4947|title=Madame Guillaume Dubufe|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grave_of_Guillaume_Dubufe_(Père-Lachaise,_division_10)|title=The Dubufe family tomb|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://parissculptures.centerblog.net/m/6573005-BARTHOLOME--Albert-1848-1928-Tombe-de-Meilhac|title=Henri Meilhac|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://parissculptures.centerblog.net/m/rub-BARTHOLOME-Albert-2.html|title=Tomb of Pam family|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&S=1&nnumid=039787&cHash=b749726189|title=Le Printemps. Le chant du Mariage|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=19|title=Madame Bartholomé|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?nnumid=4951|title=La Philosophie, la Vérité et la Nature|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=15|title=Rousseau medallion|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&nnumid=021626&cHash=ee9785fec7|title=La Gloire|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum=1|title=La Musique|accessdate=8 June 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.monumentsauxmorts.fr/crbst_839_m.html|title=use of "La Gloire" on war memorials|accessdate=9 June 2014}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/joconde_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=000SC021054|title=Jeune fille se coiffant|accessdate= 7 June 2014}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://old.lecreusot.com/creusot/histoire/monuments/morts/|title=Memorial at Le Creusot|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://old.lecreusot.com/creusot/parc_verrerie/academie.htm|title=Memorial at Le Creusot|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://forezhistoire.free.fr/monument-aux-morts-montbrison.html|title=Montbrison War Memorial|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/joconde_fr?ACTION=RETROUVER&FIELD_98=AUTR&VALUE_98=BARTHOLOME%20Albert&NUMBER=6&GRP=0&REQ=%28%28BARTHOLOME%20Albert%29%20%3aAUTR%20%29&USRNAME=nobody&USRPWD=4%24%2534P&SPEC=3&SYN=1&IMLY=&MAX1=1&MAX2=1&MAX3=100&DOM=All|title=La Douleur|accessdate=9 June 2014}}
25. ^The Monument aux Morts at Crépy-en-Valois Les Monuments aux Mort sculptes en France:Oise. Alain Choubard 2007-2012.Retrieved 23 September 2012.
26. ^Bouillant {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917115904/http://ptutoy.over-blog.net/article-l-eglise-saint-martin-de-bouillant-a-crepy-en-valois-oise--40451219.html |date=2011-09-17 }} Church website.Retrieved 23 September 2012
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/palsri_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=IM16003073|title=Cognac war memorial|accessdate=6 June 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=ST&record=frpi024|title=Soissons War Memorial|accessdate=10 June 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.monumentsauxmorts.fr/crbst_1534_m.html|title=Monument aux Morts des Écrivains et gens de Lettres|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://parismyope.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/les-pierres-blanches-de-bartholome-3.html|title=Monument aux Morts des Écrivains et gens de Lettres|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://parismyope.blogspot.co.uk/2011/05/les-pierres-blanches-de-bartholome-3.html|title=Victorien Sardou|accessdate=11 June 2014}}

Gallery of images

External links

  • Albert Bartholomé in Artcyclopedia
  • {{FrenchSculptureCensus}}
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartholome, Albert}}

14 : 1848 births|1928 deaths|19th-century French painters|20th-century French painters|French male painters|People from Yvelines|19th-century French sculptors|20th-century French sculptors|French male sculptors|Members of the Ligue de la patrie française|Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur|Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery|Honorary Members of the Royal Academy|19th-century male artists
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