| 词条 | Psychobiotic |
| 释义 |
TypesIn experimental probiotic psychobiotics, the bacteria most commonly used are gram-positive bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus families, as these do not contain lipopolysaccharide chains, reducing the likelihood of an immunological response.[3] Prebiotics are substances, such as fructans and oligosaccharides, that induce the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria on being fermented in the gut.[3][4] Multiple bacterial species contained in a single probiotic broth is known as a polybiotic.[5] ResearchThe field of psychobiotics in humans is nascent, though there have been many studies in rodents demonstrating increased cognitive functioning, decreased anxiety, and decreases in stress related pathology.[3] However, the human literature has yet to catch up with most rodent experiments, and has so far failed to produce a high number of well designed, randomized trials. Several recent reviews have highlighted the fact that there is a need for more diverse human studies, particularly because those that exist are often hard to compare and have contradictory outcomes.[1][2] SpeciesSeveral species of bacteria have been used in probiotic psychobiotic research:[5][6]
References1. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ | title = Systematic review of evidence to support the theory of psychobiotics | journal = Nutrition Reviews | volume = 73 | issue = 10 | pages = 675–93 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26370263 | doi = 10.1093/nutrit/nuv025 | url = https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/73/10/675/1848054 }} {{Dietary supplement}}2. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu B, He Y, Wang M, Liu J, Ju Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Li L, Li Q | title = Efficacy of probiotics on anxiety-A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal = Depression and Anxiety | volume = 35 | issue = 10 | pages = 935–945 | date = July 2018 | pmid = 29995348 | doi = 10.1002/da.22811}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | vauthors = Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Burnet PW | title = Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria-Gut-Brain Signals | journal = Trends in Neurosciences | volume = 39 | issue = 11 | pages = 763–781 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27793434 | pmc = 5102282 | doi = 10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hutkins RW, Krumbeck JA, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Fahey G, Goh YJ, Hamaker B, Martens EC, Mills DA, Rastal RA, Vaughan E, Sanders ME | title = Prebiotics: why definitions matter | journal = Current Opinion in Biotechnology | volume = 37 | pages = 1–7 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26431716 | pmc = 4744122 | doi = 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.001 }} 5. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Bambury A, Sandhu K, Cryan JF, Dinan TG | title = Finding the needle in the haystack: systematic identification of psychobiotics | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 175 | issue = 24 | pages = 4430–4438 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 29243233 | pmc = 6255950 | doi = 10.1111/bph.14127 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF | title = Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic | journal = Biological Psychiatry | volume = 74 | issue = 10 | pages = 720–6 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 23759244 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001 }} 3 : Bacteriology|Digestive system|Probiotics |
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