| 词条 | Pterostylis arenicola |
| 释义 |
| name = Sandhill rustyhood | image = | image_caption = | status_system = EPBC | status = VU | genus = Pterostylis | species = arenicola | authority = M.A.Clem. & J.Stewart[1] | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = Oligochaetochilus arenicola (M.A.Clem. & J.Stewart) Szlach. }} Pterostylis arenicola, commonly known as the sandhill rustyhood is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It has a rosette of leaves near its base and up to ten reddish-brown and white flowers with a dark brown, insect-like labellum. Its distribution is now restricted to areas around Lake Alexandrina. DescriptionPterostylis arenicola is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which only occurs as solitary plants. It has a rosette of between eight and twelve leaves at the base of the flowering spike. The leaves are {{convert|15-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and wither as the flowers develop. Up to ten dark brown and translucent white flowers {{convert|30-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|10-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on a flowering spike which elongates to {{convert|100-250|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall as the flowers develop. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood called the "galea" over the column with the dorsal sepal having a narrow tip {{convert|9-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. The lateral sepals are much wider than the galea, have densely hairy edges and taper suddenly to narrow, thread-like tips {{convert|10-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long which spread apart from each other. The labellum is dark brown, fleshy and insect-like, {{convert|5-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The centre of the labellum has a channel and the edges have bristly hairs up to {{convert|3|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Flowering occurs from August to October.[2][3][4]Taxonomy and namingPterostylis arenicola was first formally described in 1989 by Mark Clements and Joyce Stewart from a specimen collected south of Tailem Bend and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research.[5][6] The specific epithet (arenicola) is derived from the Latin words arena meaning "sand"[7]{{rp|678}} and -cola meaning "dweller".[7]{{rp|217}} Distribution and habitatThe sandhill rustyhood is only known from populations at Grange and West Lakes in the Adelaide metropolitan area, “between Tailem Bend and Wellington” and an area “south-east of Langhorne Creek and near the lower Murray and Murray Lakes.” It is locally common in sandy soil on coloured sand dunes in mallee and Callitris woodland with an understorey of shrub, heath, sedge and grass.[2][3][4] There are records from Victoria but they may not be of this species.[8][9] EcologySuccess has been achieved in germinating seeds of P. arenicola in vitro by inoculating them with a mychorrizal fungus.[9] ConservationPterostylis arenicola is listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. The main threats to the species are weed invasion, grazing and soil disturbance and inappropriate fire regimes.[3]References1. ^{{WCSP | 170502 | Pterostylis arenicola }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q15491438}}2. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=978-1877069123|page =327}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Approved conservation advice to Pterostylis arenicola|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/17919-conservation-advice.pdf|publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment|accessdate=16 June 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Threatened species profile - Pterostylis arenicola|url=http://www.naturalresources.sa.gov.au/files/d4cf429e-c6ef-4eba-b0f2-9ff700df3c6a/pa-fact-pafactpterostylisarenicola.pdf|publisher=South Australian Government Department for Environment and Heritage|accessdate=16 June 2017}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Pterostylis arenicola|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/486608|publisher=APNI|accessdate=16 June 2017}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Clements|first1=Mark Alwin|last2=Stewart|first2=Joyce|title=Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae|journal=Australian Orchid Research|date=1989|volume=1|page=120}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Jeanes|first1=Jeff|title=Pterostylis arenicola|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/3ac7e67a-070f-4769-8cc1-76b7b125f64b|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora|accessdate=16 June 2017}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Jusaitis|first1=Manfred|last2=Sorensen|first2=Birgitte|title=Germination of Pterostylis arenicola - an endangered greenhood orchid from South Australia|journal=The Orchadian|date=1983|volume=11|issue=1|pages=18–22}} 2 : Pterostylis|Plants described in 1989 |
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