| 词条 | Albert Hawke |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Honourable |name = Albert Hawke |honorific-suffix = |image = AlbertHawke1965.jpg |order = 18th |office = Premier of Western Australia |term_start = 23 February 1953 |term_end = 2 April 1959 |governor = Sir Charles Gairdner |predecessor = Sir Ross McLarty |successor = David Brand |office2 = Leader of the Labor Party in Western Australia |term_start2 = 26 June 1951 |term_end2 = 31 December 1966 |deputy2 = John Tonkin |predecessor2 = Frank Wise |successor2 = John Tonkin |office3 = Member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia |constituency3 = Northam |term_start3 = 24 April 1933 |term_end3 = 23 March 1968 |predecessor3 = Sir James Mitchell |successor3 = Ken McIver |office4 = Member of the House of Assembly of South Australia |constituency4 = Burra Burra |term_start4 = 5 April 1924 |term_end4 = 26 March 1927 |predecessor4 = George Jenkins |successor4 = George Jenkins |birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1900|12|3}} |birth_place = Kapunda, South Australia, Australia |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1986|02|14|1900|12|03}} |death_place = Adelaide, South Australia, Australia |party = Labor }} Albert Redvers George Hawke (3 December 1900 – 14 February 1986) was the 18th Premier of Western Australia and the first one to be born in the 20th century. He served from 23 February 1953 to 2 April 1959, and represented the Labor Party. His nephew, Bob Hawke, became Prime Minister of Australia. Hawke was born in South Australia, and began his political career in that state, winning a seat in the House of Assembly at the 1924 state election. He was only 23 at the time, making him the youngest MP in South Australia's history. Hawke lost his seat at the 1927 election, and moved to Western Australia the following year. At the 1933 state election in Western Australia, which saw a Labor landslide, he unexpectedly defeated the sitting Nationalist premier, Sir James Mitchell, in the seat of Northam. In May 1936, Hawke became a minister in the government of Philip Collier. He later also served as a minister in the governments of John Willcock and Frank Wise, and was elected deputy leader of the Labor Party in July 1945. Hawke succeeded Wise as party leader in June 1951, and led Labor to victory at the 1953 state election. He retained government at the 1956 election, just a year after the 1955 party split, but was defeated in 1959 after just over six years in office. Hawke continued as Labor leader until December 1966, leading the party to two more elections, and left parliament at the 1968 election. Early lifeHawke was born to James Renfrey Hawke and Elizabeth Ann Blinman née Pascoe, both of Cornish descent, in Kapunda, South Australia. Leaving school at the age of 13, he took up an apprenticeship as a clock-maker and jeweller, before working in a lawyer's office and joining the Labor Party at 15.[1] Political careerAt the age of 23 in the April 1924 elections he won the seat of Burra Burra in the South Australian House of Assembly,[2] making him the youngest person to have won a seat in that parliament. After losing the seat by just 11 votes in the following 1927 election, he moved to Western Australia in 1928, becoming a country organizer for the ALP. In 1933 he caused a major political upset by defeating the sitting Premier Sir James Mitchell by 460 votes in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Northam. Mitchell had held the seat for 28 years previously. Hawke held the seat himself for 35 years until the 1968 general elections for which he did not re-nominate. During his Western Australian parliamentary career he was appointed Minister for Employment and Labour in 1936 in the Collier and Willcock governments. He also held the positions of Minister for Labour and Industrial Development (1939), Minister for Works, Water Supplies and Industrial Development (1943). After Labor's defeat in the 1947 elections he held various shadow portfolios before becoming Leader of the Opposition on 3 July 1951 after Frank Wise resigned. In the 23 February 1953 elections he led Labor to victory over the two-term Liberal-Country government of Sir Ross McLarty, becoming Premier as well as Treasurer and Minister for Child Welfare and Industrial Development. In June 1953, Hawke attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London. In social policy, Hawke's governments enacted a series of progressive social reforms including the gradual easing of some oppressive regulations on Aborigines in WA, an accelerated construction of houses and schools, increases in workers’ compensation payments, allowing women to sit on juries, the regulation of hire purchase transactions, and the raising of the school-leaving age to 15. Later life and deathLabor lost the March 1959 elections to David Brand's Liberals, but he stayed on as opposition leader until 1965, when he retired from politics and returned to live in South Australia. In 1986, Hawke died in Adelaide, aged 85. Personal lifeIn 1926, Hawke married Mabel Crafter, and they had a daughter. Hawke's brother, Clem Hawke, a Congregational minister, was the father of Bob Hawke, the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia. See also
ReferencesFootnotes1. ^{{Australian Dictionary of Biography |first=Phillip |last=Pendal |title=Hawke, Albert Redvers George (Bert) (1900–1986) |id2=hawke-albert-redvers-george-bert-12608 |accessdate=18 January 2014}} 2. ^{{cite SA-parl |pid=3796 |name=Mr Albert Hawke}} Bibliography
Arthur Watts Lionel Kelly}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Industrial Development | years=1939–1947 1953–1954 1957–1958}}{{s-aft|after=Arthur Watts Lionel Kelly Frank Wise}}{{s-bef|before=Harold Millington}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Works | years=1943–1947}}{{s-aft|after=Victor Doney}}{{s-bef|before=Harold Millington}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Water Supplies | years=1943–1947}}{{s-aft|after=Victor Doney}}{{s-bef|before=Sir Ross McLarty}}{{s-ttl|title=Treasurer | years=1953–1959}}{{s-aft|after=David Brand}}{{s-bef|before=Arthur Watts}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Child Welfare | years=1953–1959}}{{s-aft|after=Les Logan}}{{s-par|au-wa}}{{s-bef|before=Sir James Mitchell}}{{s-ttl|title=Member for Northam|years = 1933–1968}}{{s-aft|after=Ken McIver}}{{s-par|au-sa}}{{s-bef|before=George Jenkins}}{{s-ttl|title=Member for Burra Burra|years = 1924–1927}}{{s-aft|after=George Jenkins}}{{s-end}}{{Premiers of Western Australia}}{{Leaders of the Labor Party in WA}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawke, Albert}} 13 : 1900 births|1986 deaths|Deputy Premiers of Western Australia|Premiers of Western Australia|Leaders of the Opposition in Western Australia|Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly|Members of the South Australian House of Assembly|Australian people of Cornish descent|Treasurers of Western Australia|Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of South Australia|Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Western Australia|People from Kapunda, South Australia|20th-century Australian politicians |
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