| 词条 | Albert Margai |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Sir Albert Margai |nationality = Sierra Leonean | honorific-suffix = JD | image = | imagesize = |birth_name=Albert Michael Margai | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1910|10|10}} | birth_place = Gbangbatoke, Banta Chiefdom, Moyamba District, British Sierra Leone |death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|12|18|1910|10|10}} |death_place= | ethnicity = Mende | order=2nd Prime Minister of Sierra Leone |term_start=28 April 1964 |term_end=21 March 1967 | monarch = Elizabeth II | deputy= | predecessor = Milton Margai | successor = Siaka Stevens | office2 = Minister of Finance | term_start2 = 1962 | term_end2 = 1964 | primeminister2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | office3 = Minister of Agriculture | term_start3 = 1959 | term_end3 = 1962 | primeminister3 = | predecessor3 = | successor3 = | office4 = Head of Sierra Leone People's Party | term_start4 = 1957 | term_end4 = 1957 | primeminister4 = | predecessor4 = Milton Margai | successor4 = Milton Margai | constituency_MP5 = Moyamba Moyamba (1957) | term_start5 = 1957 | term_end5 = 1957 | predecessor5 = | successor5 = | spouse = | profession = Attorney | signature = | party = Sierra Leone People's Party | religion = Christian }}Sir Albert Michael Margai (10 October 1910 – 18 December 1980) was the second prime minister of Sierra Leone and the half-brother of Sir Milton Margai,[1] the country's first Prime Minister. He is also the father of Sierra Leonean politician Charles Margai.[2] Early lifeAlbert Margai was born in Gbangbatoke, Banta Chiefdom, in what is now the Moyamba District, Freetown.[3] His stepfather, M. E. S. Margai, who gave him the family name Margai, was a wealthy trader from Bonthe.[4] Margai received a Roman Catholic education at St. Edward's Primary School and went on to be one of the first group of students to attend St. Edward's Secondary School.[3] Margai became a registered nurse and this was his occupation from 1931 to 1944.[3] He later travelled to England and read law at the Inner Temple Inns of Court, where he qualified in 1948.[3] Prior to his political career, he owned a private law practice in Freetown.[3] Political careerColonial eraMargai was elected first Protectorate Member to the Legislative Council in 1951.[3] In 1952 he became a Cabinet Minister and Sierra Leone's first Minister of Education.[3] In 1957 he was elected Member of Parliament for the Moyamba Constituency).[3] He served as finance minister in Milton's government after 1962, where he also held positions alternatively in Education, Agriculture, and Natural Resources. After the death of his brother, Sir Albert served from 1964 until 1967. Sierra Leone National PartyMargai was a founding member of the Sierra Leone National Party, which was formed in 1949 to advocate and aid in the transition to independence for the country. Sierra Leone People's PartyHowever, in the years leading up to independence, Margai was allied more closely with Siaka Stevens than his brother. He took leadership of the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) in 1957, but stepped down to form the People's National Party with Stevens. A major point of contention between the two groups involved the degree of involvement of traditional chiefs and traditional rules in the modern state. In fact, Margai openly asked traditional rulers to stay out of politics. He was one of a number of leaders (Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana and Milton Obote in Uganda are other examples) who attempted to remove the system of democratic governance enshrined in multi-party democracy as he believed that this would encourage politicians to accentuate the ethnic differences within the state and therefore threaten the viability of Sierra Leone as a country. IndependenceThe Crown Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone was granted political independence on 27 April 1961.[3] Albert's brother, Sir Milton Margai was appointed first Prime Minister of Sierra Leone. At the time, Albert was serving as a member of parliament for Moyamba.[3] Minister of FinanceMargai was appointed Minister of Finance in 1962.[3] Margai changed Sierra Leone's currency from the British pound to the "leone", a decimal legal tender roughly equivalent to half a Sterling pound at the time.[3] He also founded the Bank of Sierra Leone and made it the national bank.[3] Premiership and public imageAlbert margai was made Prime Minister on 29 April 1964.[3] He was highly criticized during his tenure. He had a penchant for extravagant pageantry and was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favor of the Mende tribe. The tantrum-prone Prime Minister was nicknamed "Akpata", a Mende word meaning "our wild, fat man".[5] Margai was also nicknamed "Big Albert" and "African Albert".[3] Margai endeavoured to change Sierra Leone from a democracy to a one-party state.[5] 1967 electionsUp until the 1967 elections, Sierra Leone had been an exemplary democratic, post-colonial state.[5] However, the campaign strategies of Margai would forever alter this trend.[5] He was against any candidates from the opposition running against candidates from his own party.[5] Margai refused to dignify accusation of corruption with a response.[5] Riots broke out across Sierra Leone and the government had to declare a state of emergency. Coup d'étatMargai's opponent Siaka Stevens achieved a small parliamentary majority and he was sworn in as the third Prime Minister of Sierra Leone by Governor General Sir Henry Lightfoot Boston.[5] Margai's friend and ally Brigadier David Lansana, who was the Commander of Sierra Leone's Armed Forces at the time, arrested both Stevens and Lightfoot Boston.[5] He declared martial law, dismissed the election results and proclaimed himself the interim Governor General.[5] Counter coupIn April 1968, a group of noncommissioned officers staged a counter coup in an attempt to restore the democratic process to Sierra Leone.[5] The so-called Sargents Coup was led by Lieutenant Colonel Ambrose Patrick Genda who Margai had fired in 1967.[5] Eight member of the officers formed the National Reformation Council and elected Brigadier John Bangura to the post of acting Governor General. A staunch democrat, Bangura re-instated Siaka Stevens because he had won the election.[5] Civilian lifeMargai warned: "If the Stevens government does not do something to elevate the lives of the have-nots, the poor, they would one day rise to demand from the haves, the rich, their own share of the economy."[2] DeathOn 18 December 1980, Margai died in his sleep.[2] He is survived by his son, politician Charles Margai.[2] References1. ^National Overview – Sierra Leone{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} American Chemical Society 2. ^1 2 3 Sir Albert Margai and the Shadow of Thurgood Marshall Worldpress.org 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sir Albert Margai, Biography, SLPP Official Site 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.slpp.ws/browse.asp?page=438 |title=Sierra Leone People's Party Official Biography |access-date=23 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104142331/http://www.slpp.ws/browse.asp?page=438 |archive-date=4 January 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 End of The Exception Time, 31 March 1967 External links
12 : 1910 births|1980 deaths|Alumni of St. Edward's Secondary School, Freetown|Sierra Leonean lawyers|Prime Ministers of Sierra Leone|Alumni of the Inns of Court School of Law|Sherbro people|Sierra Leonean academics|Sierra Leone People's Party politicians|Members of the Legislative Council of Sierra Leone|Government ministers of Sierra Leone|20th-century Sierra Leonean people |
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