| 词条 | Pyramid of Naqada |
| 释义 |
| name = Pyramid of Naqada | map_type = Egypt | relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|25|56|26|N|32|42|33|E|type:landmark|display=inline}} | owner = Huni ? | date = Third Dynasty ? | type = Step pyramid | material = limestone | base = 18.39 m | height = 4.50 m (current) }} The Pyramid of Naqada, also called the Pyramid of Ombos, is part of a group of seven very similar small step pyramids, which were all erected far from the major centres of Egypt and about which very little is known.[1] It is located about 300 metres north of the ruins of the ancient site of Ombos, near the modern city of Naqada in Upper Egypt. The first (and so far only) excavation was undertaken in 1895 by Flinders Petrie and James Edward Quibell.[2] DescriptionThe pyramid measures 18.39 metres on each side and currently is about 4.5 metres tall. It is not oriented to true north, but 12° to the northeast - in parallel with the course of the Nile. The pyramid consists of a core which measures about 5.75 metres on each side, around which three layers of roughly hewen stone were placed. The structure may have originally consisted of three steps. Locally sourced limestone was used as the building material. Under the southwest corner, Petrie discovered a grave measuring 1.25 by 2.00 metres, which very likely does not belong to the pyramid. It is much more likely that it is a secondary burial.[3] Construction and purposeThe builder and purpose of the pyramid are unknown. Günter Dreyer and Werner Kaiser considered it and the other six pyramids of this group to be a cohesive building project of Pharaoh Huni, the last ruler of the Third Dynasty.[4] Andrzej Ćwiek sees things similarly, but prefers Huni's successor, Snofru (c.2670-2620 BC), the first ruler of the Fourth Dynasty, as the builder.[5] Theories about the purpose of this and the other pyramids range from a site of royal representation, to a depiction of the benben stone, a symbol of the political and religious unity of the land, or a monument for a royal wife. Notes1. ^The others are the Pyramids at Edfu South, Elephantine, {{Interlanguage link multi|Pyramid of el-Kula|de|3=Pyramide von el-Kula|lt=el-Kula}}, {{Interlanguage link multi|Pyramid of Saujet el-Meitin|de|3=Pyramide von Saujet el-Meitin|lt=Saujet el-Meitin}}, {{Interlanguage link multi|Pyramid of Sinki|de|3=Pyramide von Sinki|lt=Sinki}}, and {{Interlanguage link multi|Pyramid of Seila|de|3=Pyramide von Seila|lt=Seila}} 2. ^Petrie & Quibell: Naqada and Ballas. London 1896, p. 65, Pl. Ia, LXXXV 3. ^Petrie & Quibell: Naqada and Ballas. London 1896, p. 65, Pl. Ia, LXXXV 4. ^Dreyer & Kaiser. "Zu den kleinen Stufenpyramiden Ober- und Mittelägyptens." MDAIK 36 (1980) pp. 46f. 5. ^Ćwiek. "Date and Function of the so-called Minor Step Pyramids." Göttinger Miszellen 162 (1998) pp. 39–52 Bibliography
4 : Ancient Egyptian step pyramids|27th-century BC architecture|Pyramids of the Third Dynasty of Egypt|Pyramids of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt |
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