| 词条 | Qatar–Spain relations |
| 释义 |
The State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Spain formed diplomatic relations in December 1972.[1] Qatar maintains an embassy in Madrid,[2] while Spain has an embassy in Doha.[3] Diplomatic representationQatar opened its embassy in Madrid in 1981. After temporarily closing in 1999, the embassy was reinstated in 2004. Spain's embassy in Doha was established in 2003.[4] Diplomatic visitsJuan Carlos I of Spain was the first Spanish head of state to visit Qatar, doing so in 1980. He also visited in November 2003 in order to inaugurate the newly constructed Spanish embassy.[5] Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani made a return visit to Spain in September 2004.[4]Spanish King Juan Carlos I made his third visit to Qatar in April 2006. He toured Doha's historical Souq Waqif.[6] On two separate occasions in 2010 and 2011, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa visited Spain to meet with Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.[4] Economic relationsIn 2010, Qatar was the third most important supplier of natural gas for Spain, with transactions reaching €1.2 billion. During the same period, there were around seventeen Spanish companies with active operations in Qatar.[9] The Qatari government purchased a 5% stake in Banco Santander's Brazilian branch for a reported $2.7 billion in October 2010.[7] In the aftermath of a trip to Doha by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero in February 2011, Qatar pledged to invest €300 million in Spain through the Qatar Investment Authority. During the meeting, the two countries also signed economic and transport agreements.[8] Two months later in April 2011, both countries signed agreements on air transport, security and the creation of a Qatari–Spanish Business Council.[9] Direct foreign investment between the countries is low. In 2014, the value of Spanish direct foreign investments in Qatar stood at €102 million, while Qatari foreign direct investments in Spain amounted to €90 million.[1] The situation improved over the following years due to increased investment in Spain by Qatar Airways.[10] Trade turnover was €854 million in 2016.[10] The following year, the trade volume was valued at over €1 billion, increasing by 37%.[11] Qatar's exports are mainly fossil fuels, while Spain's chief exports are mechanical appliances, clothing and furniture.[10] The Qatar Financial Centre held a workshop on Qatari-Spanish business ties in April 2018, shortly after the signing of a bilateral agreement on the avoidance of double taxation. Over 70 representatives of Qatari and Spanish companies took part in the workshop.[11] Cultural relationsThe Qatari Embassy in Madrid is responsible for arranging cultural activities in Spain. It has organized four Qatari cultural weeks, during which concerts and exhibitions were organized to showcase Qatar's culture.[4] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Documents/FichasPais/QATAR_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf|title=Estado de Catar|publisher=Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación|language=Spanish|pages=5–6|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy18033/|title=Qatari Embassy in Madrid|website=embassypages.com|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy13777/|title=Spanish Embassy in Doha|website=embassypages.com|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://madrid.embassy.qa/en/the-embassy/about|title=About|publisher=Qatari Embassy in Madrid|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.winne.com/qa/interviews/h-e-mr-hamad-bin-hamad-al-ibrahim-al-attiya|title=H. E. MR. Hamad Bin Hamad Al Ibrahim Al Attiya|publisher=World Investment News|date=19 April 2010|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.casareal.es/ES/actividades/Paginas/actividades_viajes_detalle.aspx?data=351|title=Viaje oficial de Sus Majestades los Reyes al Estado de Qatar|publisher=Casa de Su Majestad el Rey|language=Spanish|date=26 April 2006|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/santander/update-3-qatar-spends-2-7-bln-on-5-pct-of-santander-brasil-idUSLDE69H1SJ20101018|title=UPDATE 3-Qatar spends $2.7 bln on 5 pct of Santander Brasil|publisher=Reuters|date=18 October 2010|accessdate=2 February 2018}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.publico.es/actualidad/zapatero-qatar-000-millones-euros.html|title=Zapatero consigue en Qatar 3.000 millones de euros en inversiones|author=Gonzalo López Alba|publisher=Publicó|language=Spanish|date=28 February 2011|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20110426/54144913222/zapatero-y-el-emir-de-qatar-acuerdan-intensificar-las-relaciones-economicas-bilaterales.html|title=Zapatero y el emir de Qatar acuerdan intensificar las relaciones económicas bilaterales|publisher=La Vanguardia|author=Lourdes López|language=Spanish|date=26 April 2011|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/572484/Qatar-investments-in-Spain-stood-at-677mn-in-2016-|title=Qatar investments in Spain stood at €677mn in 2016, says Spanish envoy|author=Peter Alagos|publisher=Gulf Times|date=25 November 2017|accessdate=2 June 2018}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.qfc.qa/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/Qatar-Spain-DTA.aspx|title=QFC Facilitates Growing Business Ties Between Qatar and Spain|publisher=Qatar Financial Centre|date=12 April 2018|accessdate=2 June 2018}} External links
3 : Qatar–Spain relations|Bilateral relations of Qatar|Bilateral relations of Spain |
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