| 词条 | Queen of Katwe | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Queen of Katwe | image = Queen of Katwe poster.jpg | alt = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Mira Nair | screenplay = William Wheeler | based on = {{based on |The Queen of Katwe: A Story of Life, Chess, and One Extraordinary Girl’s Dream of Becoming a Grandmaster|Tim Crothers}} | starring = {{Plainlist|
}} | music = Alex Heffes | cinematography = Sean Bobbitt | editing = Barry Alexander Brown | distributor = Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures | released = {{Film date|2016|09|10|TIFF|2016|09|23|United States}} | runtime = 124 minutes[1] | country = United States | language = English | budget = $15 million[2][3] | gross = $10.4 million[3] | producers = {{Plainlist|
}} | production companies = {{Plainlist|
}} }}Queen of Katwe is a 2016 American biographical drama film[4] directed by Mira Nair and written by William Wheeler.[5] Starring David Oyelowo, Lupita Nyong'o, and Madina Nalwanga, the film depicts the life of Phiona Mutesi, a Ugandan girl living in a slum in Katwe. She learns to play chess and becomes a Woman Candidate Master after her victories at World Chess Olympiads.[6] Adapted from an ESPN magazine article and book by Tim Crothers, the film was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and ESPN Films. Queen of Katwe was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival.[7] The film had a limited release in the United States on September 23, 2016, before a general theatrical release on September 30.[8] PlotLiving in Katwe, a slum in Kampala, Uganda, is a constant struggle for 10-year-old Phiona (Madina Nalwanga), her mother Nakku Harriet (Lupita Nyong'o) and younger members of her family. She and her younger brother help their mother sell maize in the market. She also helps care for her baby brother. Her world changes one day when she meets Robert Katende (David Oyelowo) at a missionary program. Katende coaches soccer and teaches children to play chess at a local center. Curious, Phiona approaches and learns the game. She becomes fascinated with it and soon becomes a top player in the group under Katende's guidance. Her coach, over the initial opposition of the local chess authorities, takes her and the team to a national school level tournament at a prestigious local school. The group initially finds itself ill at ease among the other participants and the more affluent surroundings. However, their talent wins the day and Phiona comes in first place. The film then proceeds to trace the ups and downs of success at competitions and tournaments for Phiona and her fellow Pioneers. The struggles of life in Katwe are ever present and Phiona hopes that chess will provide a means of escape from Katwe for her and her family. Phiona leads the Uganda team at the Chess Olympiad in Russia, confident that she will succeed in becoming a Grand Master, securing the necessary finances to lift her family from poverty. However, the competition proves too tough, and she yields to her Canadian opponent. Phiona returns to Katwe, dejected and doubting her abilities. However, with the support of Coach Katende and the people of Katwe, she returns to chess, ultimately succeeding to the extent that she can purchase a home for her family. Cast{{Div col|colwidth=}}
Maurice Kirya and Ntare Mwine have supporting roles as Theo[9] and Tendo respectively. Gladys Oyenbot and Rehema Nanfuka played a minor roles as shopkeeper and Nurse respectively. ProductionDevelopmentTim Crothers wrote A Story of Life, Chess, and One Extraordinary Girl's Dream of Becoming a Grandmaster, which chronicled Phiona Mutesi's life. Published by ESPN in 2012, it was optioned that same year by Walt Disney Pictures.[10] Tendo Nagenda, Walt Disney Studios' senior creative executive, developed the project into production. He happens to be ethnic Ugandan.[11] With executive approval from studio president Sean Bailey,[13] Nagenda went to visit Mira Nair at her Ugandan home to recruit her to direct a film about Mutesi. Nair was captivated by the story, stating, "I have always been surrounded by these local stories but hadn’t done anything in Uganda since 1991. I love any story about people who make something from what appears to be nothing."[12]Mira Nair met with Mutesi, her mother Harriet, and the chess group run by coach Robert Katende. She invited screenwriter William Wheeler to come to Kampala to conduct interviews with the principal figures as a foundation for a screenplay.[13] Nair filmed a short high-concept and presented it to Disney, to alleviate the studio's concerns about the film being entirely set in Africa.[13] Wheeler believed that the film could fit within the Disney tradition of films about "underdog" sports stories, noting that: "we were trying to ... gently expand the idea of what a 'Disney film' could be. Disney was very open to wanting to tell an aspirational story about someone from someplace that is not at all familiar to Western audiences ... this could really fit into one of the things that they do very well – which is telling sports underdog stories and finding the ways the story naturally intersects with that genre of film."[14]Nair described Queen of Katwe as "a radical film for Disney in many ways.... It has beauty and barbarity side-by-side."[15] In January 2015, Disney studio chairman Alan F. Horn greenlit the film into production for US $15 million.[15] CastingIn January 2015, David Oyelowo and Lupita Nyong'o were cast as Robert Katende and Harriet Mutesi, respectively. They were Nair's first choices for the roles. Nyong'o said that she had decided to play the part after reading the script's first ten pages, saying "It was the first time I felt really awakened by a script and super challenged."[16][17] Oyelowo immediately accepted the role, seeing the film as a "subversive work", given the lack of diversity in contemporary American cinema.[18][19] Nair said that finding an actress to play Phiona was the most difficult. The casting search lasted from July to December 2014 and the production team auditioned nearly 700 girls.[13] The casting director found Madina Nalwanga in a community dance class. The 15-year-old Ugandan dancer was cast as Phiona.[5][20] FilmingPrincipal photography began in April 2015.[21][22] The film was shot entirely in Africa, in the Katwe slums in Kampala, Uganda and in Johannesburg, South Africa. More than one hundred Ugandans were hired as extras for the street scenes ; eighty had no prior experience with cameras.[23] Nair set up an acting boot camp to help prepare the children for their scenes.[24] Most professional Ugandan actors settled for roles as extras, including Gladys Oyenbot who acted as Lupita's stand-in double.[25]Nair and cinematographer Sean Bobbitt used different visual approaches for the various matches which Mutesi plays. Katende, who was present at the shoot, designed the games, while Nair and Bobbitt worked on each shot. The chess scenes were complicated because the call sheet contained actual chess moves. Nair and editor Barry Brown cut the scenes to create some drama.[23] Production wrapped in June 2015 after 54 days of shooting.[2] MusicThe musical score for Queen of Katwe was composed by Alex Heffes.[26] "It's a very thematic and gentle score that is more orchestral than something like Roots, although it's set in Africa," said Heffes. "There are plenty of authentic Ugandan needle drop tracks in the film to set the scene so the score could concentrate more on the music story telling."[27] Alicia Keys wrote and recorded the song "Back to Life" for the film; it was released on September 1, 2016 by RCA Records.[28] A soundtrack album was released on September 23 by Walt Disney Records.[29]Soundtrack{{Infobox album| name = Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | type = soundtrack | artist = Various artists | cover = Queen of Katwe Soundtrack.jpg | border = yes | alt = | released = {{start date|2016|09|23}} | recorded = 2015–16 | venue = | studio = | genre = | length = {{duration|m=62|s=55}} | label = Walt Disney | producer = {{collapsible list|title=Various|hlist=true|A Pass|Afrigo Band|Paul Butler|Young Cardamom|Peter Cobbin|Alex Heffes|Tony Houls|Illangelo|Izaya|Eddy Kenzo|Alicia Keys|Kuseim|P-Funk Majani| Paddy Man|Mira Nair|Nessim|David Washington|Kirsty Whalley|Bobi Wine}} | prev_title = | prev_year = | next_title = | next_year = | misc = {{Singles | name = Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | type = soundtrack | single1 = Back to Life | single1date = {{Start date|2016|09|01}} }} }}{{Track listing | headline = Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) {{nobold|– Standard edition}}[30] | total_length = {{duration|m=62|s=55}} | extra_column = Artist(s) |title1 = #1 Spice |extra1 = Young Cardamom & HAB |length1 = 3:50 |title2 = Sekem |extra2 = MC Galaxy |length2 = 3:58 |title3 = Budo! |extra3 = Alex Heffes |length3 = 2:05 |title4 = Tuli Kubigere |extra4 = A Pass |length4 = 3:17 |title5 = Bomboclat |extra5 = Jose Chameleone |note5 = featuring Weasel |length5 = 3:45 |title6 = Brian, My Brother! |extra6 = Alex Heffes |length6 = 1:00 |title7 = Skelewu |extra7 = Davido |length7 = 3:09 |title8 = Juicy |extra8 = Radio and Weasel |length8 = 3:46 |title9 = It Is Fine |extra9 = Alex Heffes |length9 = 1:03 |title10 = Engoma Yange |extra10 = Nsubuga Saava Karim |length10 = 4:26 |title11 = Wuuyo |extra11 = A Pass |length11 = 4:21 |title12 = Oswadde Nnyo |extra12 = Afrigo Band and Moses Matovu |length12 = 3:29 |title13 = Mbilo Mbilo |extra13 = Eddy Kenzo |length13 = 3:50 |title14 = Escape from Hospital |extra14 = Alex Heffes |length14 = 0:57 |title15 = Nfunda N'omubi |extra15 = Afrigo Band and Joanita Kawalya |length15 = 2:48 |title16 = Kiwani |extra16 = Bobi Wine |length16 = 4:49 |title17 = The Promise of Harriet |extra17 = Alex Heffes |length17 = 1:16 |title18 = Kyempulila |extra18 = A Pass |length18 = 2:26 |title19 = Home Again |extra19 = Michael Kiwanuka |length19 = 3:31 |title20 = Back to Life |extra20 = Alicia Keys |length20 = 4:54 |title21 = Shekini |extra21 = P-Square |length21 = 3:38 }}{{Track listing | headline = Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) {{nobold|– Deluxe edition (bonus tracks)}}[31] | total_length = {{duration|m=100|s=27}} | collapsed = yes | extra_column = Artist(s) |title21 = Am I Ready? |extra21 = Alex Heffes |length21 = 2:16 |title22 = We Have a Champion |extra22 = Alex Heffes |length22 = 1:15 |title23 = New World |extra23 = Alex Heffes |length23 = 2:01 |title24 = Phiona Wins Joseph |extra24 = Alex Heffes |length24 = 2:46 |title25 = At the Threshold |extra25 = Alex Heffes |length25 = 1:28 |title26 = Father Grimes – Commence Play! |extra26 = Alex Heffes |length26 = 1:09 |title27 = Such Aggressiveness in a Girl Is a Treasure |extra27 = Alex Heffes |length27 = 1:20 |title28 = You Make a Plan Mama |extra28 = Alex Heffes |length28 = 2:43 |title29 = Is This Heaven? |extra29 = Alex Heffes |length29 = 1:43 |title30 = Like Ghosts |extra30 = Alex Heffes |length30 = 1:45 |title31 = Olympiad |extra31 = Alex Heffes |length31 = 4:00 |title32 = The Water Takes Everything It Wants |extra32 = Alex Heffes |length32 = 3:17 |title33 = Robert Katende, I Am Your Mother |extra33 = Alex Heffes |length33 = 1:47 |title34 = School |extra34 = Alex Heffes |length34 = 1:37 |title35 = Entering Rwabushenyi |extra35 = Alex Heffes |length35 = 1:24 |title36 = You Belong Here |extra36 = Alex Heffes |length36 = 4:17 |title37 = We Are Home |extra37 = Alex Heffes |length37 = 2:26 }} ReleaseQueen of Katwe had its world premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10.[32] Disney held the corporate premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on September 20,[33] with another screening at the Urban World Festival on September 22.[34] The African premieres were held in Kampala on October 1[35] and Johannesburg on October 5.[36] The film had its European debut at the 2016 BFI London Film Festival on October 9.[37] Another screening was held at the Morelia International Film Festival in Mexico on October 22.[38] On November 12, it was screened at the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival and at the Brisbane Asia Pacific Film Festival on the 24th.[39][40]Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray and DVD on January 31, 2017, with a digital release on January 10.[41]ReceptionBox officeQueen of Katwe opened on September 23 as a limited release in the United States, with an estimated Friday total of $82,000 averaging $1,577 per screen across 52 selected theaters. By the opening weekend, it earned $304,933 averaging $5,864 per screen.[42] It opened on wide release on September 30 to 1,242 screens, and went on to gross $2.5 million in the first week.[43]Critical responseQueen of Katwe received positive reviews from critics, with David Oyelowo and Lupita Nyong'o's performances receiving unanimous praise.[44][45] Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 93% based on 165 reviews and an average rating of 7.4/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Queen of Katwe is a feel-good movie of uncommon smarts and passion, and Lupita Nyong'o and David Oyelowo's outstanding performances help elevate the film past its cliches."[46] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized rating of 73 out of 100 based on reviews from 40 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[47] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[42]Accolades
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behind 'Queen of Katwe' | publisher=Face2FaceAfrica | date=September 7, 2016 | accessdate=September 17, 2016 | last=GANTT | first=DEIDRE}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Oyenbot played Lupita’s double|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oyenbot-played-Lupita-s-double/689842-3944772-cvo57hz/index.html|website=Daily Monitor, Uganda|accessdate=28 May 2016}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Alex Heffes to Score Mira Nair’s ‘Queen of Katwe’|url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2016/01/18/alex-heffes-to-score-mira-nairs-queen-of-katwe/|accessdate=January 29, 2016|work=Film Music Reporter|date=January 16, 2016}} 27. ^{{cite web|last1=Schweiger|first1=Daniel|title=Interview with Alex Heffes|url=http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=16108|website=Film Music Magazine|accessdate=September 27, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927203910/http://www.filmmusicmag.com/?p=16108|archivedate=September 27, 2016|date=May 24, 2016}} 28. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/08/31/queen-katwe-alicia-keys-song| title=Queen of Katwe story inspired Alicia Keys to write a new song| publisher=Entertainment Weekly | date=August 31, 2016 | accessdate=September 13, 2016 | last=Lawrence |first= Derek}} 29. ^{{cite web|title=Queen of Katwe (2016)|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/movie/queen-of-katwe/|website=Soundtrack.Net|accessdate=September 27, 2016}} 30. ^{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/mbilo-mbilo/id1149434178?i=1149435011&app=itunes&ign-mpt=uo%3D4 | title=Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | publisher=iTunes | date=September 23, 2016 | accessdate=September 25, 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/queen-katwe-original-motion/id1149459943 | title=Queen of Katwe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) [Deluxe Edition] | publisher=iTunes | date=September 23, 2016 | accessdate=September 25, 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/07/tiff-2016-lineup|title=TIFF 2016: Magnificent Seven, Loving, and More Announced for Festival Lineupl|website=Vanity Fair|first=Yohana|last=Desta|date=26 July 2016|accessdate=26 July 2016}} 33. ^{{cite news|last1=Czachor|first1=Emily Mae|title=Cast and Crew Celebrate 'Queen of Katwe' as "a Love Letter to Uganda" at Disney Film's Premiere|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/queen-katwe-premiere-disney-film-931638|accessdate=September 25, 2016|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 21, 2016}} 34. ^{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/urbanworld-2016-queen-of-katwe-1201843969/ | title=‘Queen of Katwe’ Leads the Slate at 2016 Urbanworld Film Festival | publisher=Variety | accessdate=25 August 2016 | author=Cox, Gordon}} 35. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.theinsider.ug/queen-of-katwe-ugandan-premiere-set-for-october-1/#.V_rFFugrLDc | title=‘Queen of Katwe’ Ugandan premiere set for October 1 | publisher=The Insider | date=6 September 2016 | accessdate=9 October 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010125114/http://www.theinsider.ug/queen-of-katwe-ugandan-premiere-set-for-october-1/#.V_rFFugrLDc | archivedate=October 10, 2016 | df=mdy-all }} 36. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.thenewage.co.za/queen-of-katwe-premiers-in-joburg/ | title=Queen of Katwe Premiers in Joburg | publisher=The New Age | date=6 October 2016 | accessdate=9 October 2016}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/global/lupita-nyongo-queen-of-katwe-european-debut-london-film-festival-1201813348/|title=Lupita Nyong’o’s ‘Queen of Katwe’ to Make European Debut at London Film Festival|website=Variety|first=Leo|last=Barraclough|date=13 July 2016|accessdate=13 July 2016}} 38. ^{{cite web | url=http://moreliafilmfest.com/en/peliculas/queen-of-katwe/ | title=Queen of Katwe | publisher=FICM | accessdate=9 October 2016 }} 39. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.goldenhorse.org.tw/film/programme/films/detail/1472?search_year=2016&ghff_id=242 | title=Queen of Katwe | publisher=Golden Horse | accessdate=13 October 2016}} 40. ^{{cite web | url=http://tix.brisbaneasiapacificfilmfestival.com/session.asp?sn=Queen+of+Katwe&s=106 | title=Queen of Katwe | publisher=Brisbane Asia Pacific Film Festival | accessdate=3 November 2016}} 41. ^{{Citation |title=Queen of Katwe's Official Website |date=November 18, 2016}} 42. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://deadline.com/2016/09/magnificent-seven-storks-sully-weekend-box-office-1201824971/ | title=‘Magnificent Seven's $35M Opening A Career Best For Antoine Fuqua; ‘Storks’ At $21.8M – Sunday AM B.O. Final Update | website=Deadline Hollywood | date=September 25, 2016 | accessdate=September 25, 2016 | author=D'Alessandro, Anthony}} 43. ^{{cite web | title='Miss Peregrine' Enrolls Moviegoers On Thursday Night – Box Office | url=http://deadline.com/2016/09/miss-peregrine-tim-burton-deepwater-horizon-masterminds-weekend-box-office-1201828893 | website=Deadline Hollywood | accessdate=September 30, 2016}} 44. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/09/queen-of-katwe-review | title=Queen of Katwe Is a Bright and Inspiring Success – Mira Nair has returned to form with this piquant Disney movie. | publisher=Vanity Fair | date=September 11, 2016 | accessdate=September 18, 2016 | author=Lawson, Richard}} 45. ^{{cite web | url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/queen-of-katwe-review-lupita-nyongo-david-oyelowo-1201854407/ | title=Toronto Film Review: 'Queen of Katwe' | publisher=Variety | date=September 10, 2016 | accessdate=September 18, 2016 | author=Berkshire, Geoff}} 46. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/queen_of_katwe_2016 | title=Queen of Katwe (2016) | publisher=Fandango Media |work=Rotten Tomatoes | accessdate=June 22, 2018}} 47. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/queen-of-katwe | title=Queen of Katwe Reviews | publisher=CBS Interactive |work=Metacritic | accessdate=December 18, 2016}} 48. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moonlight-named-best-picture-by-african-american-film-critics-association-955250 | title='Moonlight' Named Best Picture by the African American Film Critics Association | first=Kimberly | last=Nordyke | work=The Hollywood Reporter | date=December 12, 2016 | accessdate=December 12, 2016}} 49. ^{{cite news|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/ama-awards-nominations-amaa/|title=AMAA 2017: Akin Omotoso’s Vaya grabs ten nominations, Queen of Katwe, ’76 get eight |first= Chidi |last= Chima |publisher=The Cable Lifestyle |date=May 14, 2017 |accessdate=May 14, 2017}} 50. ^{{cite news|url=http://awfj.org/eda-awards-2/2016-awfj-eda-award-nominees/ |title=2016 AWFJ EDA Award Nominees |first=Jennifer |last=Merin |publisher=Alliance of Women Film Journalists |date=December 16, 2016 |accessdate=December 17, 2016}} 51. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.wearemoviegeeks.com/2016/12/arrival-la-la-land-hell-high-water-among-nominees-2016-awfj-eda-awards/ |title='Arrival', 'La La Land', 'Hell or High Water' Among The Nominees for the 2016 AWFJ EDA Awards |first=Michelle |last=McCue |publisher=WeAreMovieGeeks.com |date=December 16, 2016 |accessdate=December 17, 2016}} 52. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.awardscircuit.com/2016/12/14/black-reel-award-nominees-moonlight-leads-13-nominations | title=Black Reel Award Nominees – 'Moonlight' Leads with 13 Nominations | first=Clayton | last=Davis | publisher=AwardsCircuit.com | date=December 14, 2016 | accessdate=December 15, 2016}} 53. ^{{cite web | title=La La Land Leads with 12 Nominations for the 22nd Annual Critics' Choice Awards | url=http://www.criticschoice.com/critics-choice-awards |publisher=Critics' Choice | date=December 1, 2016 | accessdate=December 1, 2016}} 54. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/film/evening-standard-british-film-awards-the-longlist-a3398101.html | title=Evening Standard British Film Awards - The Longlist | publisher=London Evening Standard | first=William | last=Moore | date=November 17, 2016 | accessdate=November 29, 2016}} 55. ^{{cite web|title=Golden Tomato Awards - Best of 2016|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/rt-hub/golden-tomato-awards-best-of-2016/|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes|date=12 January 2017}} 56. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/moonlight-named-best-picture-by-african-american-film-critics-association-955250 | title='Moonlight' and 'Love and Friendship' Lead London Film Critics' | first= | last= | work=The Hollywood Reporter | date=December 20, 2016 | accessdate=December 20, 2016}} 57. ^{{cite web | url=http://deadline.com/2016/12/image-awards-nominees-beyonce-nate-parker-donald-glover-48th-naacp-image-awards-1201869526/ | title=NAACP Image Awards: Nate Parker & Donald Glover Lead Film & TV Noms; Beyonce Tops Field | website=Deadline Hollywood | first=Patrick | last=Hipes | date=December 13, 2016 | accessdate=December 13, 2016}} 58. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalfilmawards.org/ewan-mcgregor-catherine-zeta-jones-michael-fassbender-shana-swash-daniel-radcliffe-lead-national-film-awards-uk-2017/| title=Home ACADEMY NEWS EWAN MCGREGOR, CATHERINE ZETA JONES, MICHAEL FASSBENDER, SHANA SWASH, & DANIEL RADCLIFFE lead NATIONAL FILM AWARDS UK 2017| accessdate=1 February 2017}} 59. ^{{cite news | title=TIFF People's Choice Award cements La La Land in Oscar race—The festival also released its full list of winners | url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/09/18/2016-TIFF-Peoples-Choice-winner | date=September 18, 2016 | accessdate=September 18, 2016 | work=Entertainment Week}} 60. ^{{cite web | title=Women Film Critics Circle Nominations: "Hidden Figures," "13th," & More | url=http://blog.womenandhollywood.com/women-film-critics-circle-nominations-hidden-figures-13th-more-a62fcaa87784#.idr3puzg1 | publisher =Women And Hollywood | accessdate=December 15, 2016 | date=December 19, 2016}} External links
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开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。