| 词条 | Quim Torra | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Quim Torra | honorific_suffix = | image = Official photo of Quim Torra (cropped).jpg | image_size = 200 | caption = Torra in May 2018 |order1 = 131st |office1 = President of the Government of Catalonia |term_start1 = 17 May 2018 |term_end1 = |monarch1 = Felipe VI |vicepresident1 = Pere Aragonès |predecessor1 = Carles Puigdemont {{small|(Direct rule from 27 October 2017)}} |successor1 = | constituency_MP2 = the Province of Barcelona | parliament2 = Catalan | term_start2 = 17 January 2018 | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | birth_name = Joaquim Torra i Pla | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|12|28|df=y}} | birth_place = Blanes, Catalonia, Spain | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Spanish | party = Independent | otherparty = Junts per Catalunya Reagrupament[1] Democratic Union of Catalonia[1] | spouse = Carola Miró | children = Three Children | residence = Barcelona | alma_mater = Autonomous University of Barcelona | occupation = Lawyer and editor | signature = Firma de Quim Torra i Pla.svg | website = | footnotes = }}Joaquim Torra i Pla (born 28 December 1962), known as Quim Torra, is a lawyer and journalist from Catalonia, Spain. Torra is a member of the Parliament of Catalonia and is the current President of the Government of Catalonia.[3][2] Born in Blanes, Torra graduated from the Autonomous University of Barcelona before joining the legal profession. He worked as lawyer and executive for a multinational insurance company for twenty years before starting his own publishing company. He later held senior positions for the City of Barcelona and Generalitat de Catalunya. A supporter of Catalan independence,[3][4] and former member of Democratic Union of Catalonia and Reagrupament,[1] Torra does not currently belong to any political party.[8] He has held senior positions in several pro-independence organisations including the Òmnium Cultural and Assemblea Nacional Catalana. He was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia at the 2017 regional election as an independent candidate for the pro-independence Junts per Catalunya electoral alliance. In May 2018 he was elected 131st President of the Government of Catalonia[5] after the Spanish courts blocked three other candidates. Early life and familyTorra was born on 28 December 1962 in Blanes, a town in the Province of Girona in north-eastern Catalonia (Spain).[6][7] He is the third of four children (three boys and one girl).[8] His family were originally from Santa Coloma de Farners but moved to Blanes where his father, also known as Quim Torra, worked as an engineer at the Sociedad Anónima de Fibras Artificiales (SAFA) plant.[9] The family then moved to Barcelona where Torra's father worked as a manager for SAFA.[8] Torra was educated at St. Ignatius College, Barcelona, better known as Jesuïtes Sarrià.[8] Torra joined the Autonomous University of Barcelona in 1980, graduating in 1985 with a degree in law.[6][8][10] His parents later returned to Santa Coloma de Farners where his father was a municipal councillor in 1991 and where his widowed mother still lives.[8][9] Professional careerTorra worked as a lawyer and executive for Winterthur Group, a multinational insurance company, for nearly twenty years including two years at the company's offices in the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland.[6][7] Whilst in Switzerland he started researching Eugeni Xammar, a Catalan journalist who worked for the United Nations, igniting a passion for Catalan journalism during the 1920s and 1930s.[11] When AXA took over Winterthur Torra was offered a position in Madrid but he chose to return to Catalonia to devote himself to journalism and publishing.[6][8] In 2008 Torra founded A Contra Vent Editors, a publisher specialising in literary and humorous journalism, focusing on the revival of Catalonia's literary and journalistic tradition during the 1920s and 1930s.[6][7] Torra has written several books on the history of Catalonia, journalism and biographies and in 2009 he won the "Carles Rahola" award for Viatge Involuntari a la Catalunya Impossible, an essay on the history of Catalan journalism that mixes fact and fiction to narrate the life of several Catalan journalists during the Second Spanish Republic, including Just Cabot, Lluís Capdevila, Àngel Ferran, Manuel Fontdevila and Francisco Madrid.[6][12] He has also written articles for the Ara, El Punt Avui, El Temps and Nació Digital.[12] From September 2011 to 2015, during the mayorship of Xavier Trias, Torra was in charge of promoting the district of Ciutat Vella as director of Foment de Ciutat Vella, SA.[6][11] In June 2012 he became director of the Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria but in September 2015, shortly after Ada Colau became mayor, he left the organistaion.[6][7] He was appointed director of Revista de Catalunya in May 2015.[11][13] He was director of the Generalitat's Center for Contemporary Subject Studies from March 2016 to October 2017.[10][14] He is currently working as a lawyer and is a member of the Bar Association of Barcelona.[12] Activism and politicsTorra is a member of the pro-Catalan independence Òmnium Cultural (OC), of which he was vice-president from 2013 to 2015, and Assemblea Nacional Catalana (ANC).[6][12] He was president of the pro-independence Sobirania i Justícia from 2010 to 2011 and a member of the permanent council of the ANC in 2012.[14] In 2011 Torra and lawyer Jordi Cortada filed a lawsuit before the European Court of Human Rights against the Constitutional Court's re-writing of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia.[6][14] When the OC president Muriel Casals i Couturier was chosen as a candidate for the Catalan regional election, 2015 Torra was appointed as president in July 2015, serving until December 2015 when he was replaced by Jordi Cuixart.[6][7] Torra was associated with the Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC), a regionalist center-right party, and later Reagrupament, a splinter group of the left-wing pro-independence Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC).[8][15][16] Torra isn't a member of any political party and is known to have reservations about certain policies of the Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT), the main constituent of the pro-independence Junts per Catalunya (JuntsxCat) electoral alliance.[10] He is believed to be on good terms with the left-wing pro-independence Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) which is not a member of JuntsxCat.[10] Torra contested the 2017 regional election as an independent JuntsxCat candidate in the Province of Barcelona and was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia.[17][18] At the election Catalan secessionists retained a slim majority in the Catalan Parliament.[19][20] Attempts by the secessionists to inaugurate three candidates – Carles Puigdemont, Jordi Sànchez and Jordi Turull – as President of Catalonia were thwarted by the Spanish courts.[10] In May 2018 Torra, the so-called "plan D", was nominated as candidate for president.[10][21] At the investiture vote held on 12 May 2018 Torra secured 66 votes (JuntsxCat34; ERC–CatSí 32) with 65 votes against (Cs 36; PSC 17; CatComú–Podem 8; PP 4) and four abstentions (CUP-CC 4), failing to achieve the 68 votes necessary for an absolute majority.[22][23] As a result, a second vote was held on 14 May 2018 at which he only needed a simple majority to become president.[24][25] The result of the second vote was exactly the same as the first vote – 66 in favour, 65 against and four abstentions – and as a result Torra was elected the 131st President of Catalonia.[26][27][28] He was sworn in on 17 May 2018.[3][29] On May 19 he appointed his government, which included as regional ministers, Jordi Turull and Josep Rull (in preventive custody) as well as Toni Comín and Lluís Puig, in self-imposed exile in Belgium and also required by the Spanish justice.[30][31][32] Since article 155 was still in force, Mariano Rajoy decided not to publish the appointments in the Generalitat government gazette, which let to a criminal complaint for prevarication brought by President Torra. In order to avoid extending the application of article 155, on May 29 President Torra appointed a new government,[33] which took office on June 2, which ended a period of 7 month of direct rule on Catalonia from Madrid. In December 2018, Torra announced a 48-hour fast in solidarity with the prisoners of Lledoners who are carrying out a hunger strike, Jordi Sànchez, Jordi Turull, Joaquim Forn and Josep Rull.[34] Controversial writingsThe tone and content of articles written by Torra alluding to Spanish-speakers in Catalonia and Spaniards generally have elicited strong criticism from numerous sectors. Critics have accused Torra of being xenophobic and a supremacist.[21][35][36] At European level, the President of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group, Hans van Baalen, to which Torra's own PDeCAT party is affiliated condemned his rhetoric as "separatist and racist"[37] and the Party of European Socialists stated that "his racist remarks are utterly disgusting and cast deep doubts about his fitness for the job".[38] The Catalan chapter of French NGO SOS Racisme also criticized the tone of the articles, but stated they cannot be considered racism.[39] In addition several controversial tweets including "Spaniards only know how to plunder" and "Spaniards in Catalonia are like energy – they transform themselves but do not disappear."[21][40][41][42] Torra apologised for the tweets after being nominated to be president.[43] Personal lifeTorra is married to teacher Carola Miró.[8] They have three children, two girls and a boy.[8] Published works
Electoral history
References1. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|journal=El Periódico|first=Roger|last=Palà|url=https://www.elperiodico.cat/ca/opinio/20181214/hereus-reagrupament-article-roger-pala-7202947|date=15 December 2015|title=Els hereus de Reagrupament}} 2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2018/0510/962665-catalonia-carles-puigdemont/|title=Puigdemont rejects being chosen as next Catalan leader|last=|first=|date=10 May 2018|work=Raidió Teilifís Éireann|access-date=28 June 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite news |title=Quim Torra sworn in as Catalan president amid xenophobia claims |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/17/quim-torra-sworn-in-catalan-president-xenophobia-claims |work=The Guardian |date=17 May 2018}} 4. ^{{cite news |title=Quim Torra: Catalonia elects hardline separatist as new regional president |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/quim-torra-catalonia-new-president-catalan-spain-separatist-election-a8351541.html |work=The Independent |date=14 May 2018}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Quim Torra pren possessió com a 131è president de la Generalitat|url=https://web.gencat.cat/ca/actualitat/detall/20180517_Quim-Torra-pren-possessio-com-131e-president-de-la-Generalitat|website=Generalitat de Catalunya|language=Catalan|date=17 May 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite news|title=Perfil · Quim Torra, exlíder d'Òmnium proper a Puigdemont per presidir el Govern|url=http://www.diaridegirona.cat/catalunya/2018/05/10/perfil-quim-torra/912795.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=Diari de Girona|date=11 May 2018|location=Girona, Spain|language=Catalan}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last1=Martí|first1=Pep|title=Les 10 coses que potser no sabies de Quim Torra|url=https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/154651/10/coses/potser/no/sabies/quim/torra|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=NacióDigital|date=11 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite news|last1=Aragay|first1=Ignasi|title=La Catalunya impossible de Quim Torra|url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/Catalunya-impossible-Quim-Torra_0_2012199010.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=Ara|date=10 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|title=El Perfil – Qui és Quim Torra?|url=http://www.regio7.cat/arreu-catalunya-espanya-mon/2018/05/10/perfil--quim-torra/475079.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=Regió 7|date=11 May 2018|location=Manresa, Spain|language=Catalan}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|last1=Lasalas|first1=Marta|title=Quim Torra to be 131st president of Catalonia|url=https://www.elnacional.cat/en/news/quim-torra-new-president-catalonia_266886_102.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=El Nacional|date=10 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Cardús|first1=Pere|title=Quim Torra, l’home que no prenia precaucions|url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/quim-torra-perfil-biografia-trajectoria-quim-torra-lhome-que-no-prenia-precaucions/|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=VilaWeb|date=10 May 2018|language=Catalan}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Quim Torra, un independentista irreductible, sin carné de partido y fiel a Puigdemont|url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20180510/quim-torra-abogado-independentista-exlider-omnium-como-candidato-jxcat-generalitat/1731384.shtml|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=RTVE|date=10 May 2018|location=Madrid, Spain|language=Spanish}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Quim Torra, nou director de la Revista de Catalunya|url=https://llegim.ara.cat/Quim_Torra-Revista_de_Catalunya_0_1359464253.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=Ara|date=18 May 2015|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Torra, un independentista sin carné de partido ungido para una etapa provisional|url=http://www.laregion.es/articulo/espanha/torra-independentista-carne-partido-ungido-etapa-provisional/20180510214007792072.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=La Región|date=10 May 2018|location=Ourense, Spain|language=Spanish}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Álvaro|first1=Francesc-Marc|title=Quim Torra, un activista cultural de los años treinta|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20180511/443481390353/quim-torra-candidato-jxcat-presidencia-generalitat-puigdemont.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=La Vanguardia|date=11 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Spanish}} 16. ^{{cite news|last1=Geli|first1=Carles|title=Quim Torra, un interino nato contra todo lo español|url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2018/05/10/catalunya/1525975949_763217.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=El País|date=11 May 2018|location=Madrid, Spain|language=Spanish}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|title=Eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya 2017: Composició del Parlament|url=https://resultats.parlament2017.cat/09AU/DAU09000XX.htm?lang=ca|publisher=Generalitat de Catalunya|accessdate=17 January 2018|language=Catalan|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105244/https://resultats.parlament2017.cat/09AU/DAU09000XX.htm?lang=ca|archivedate=22 December 2017|df=}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Los 135 diputados del Parlament de Catalunya tras el 21-D|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20171222/433822338283/lista-diputados-elecciones-catalanas-parlament-de-catalunya.html|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=La Vanguardia|date=22 December 2017|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan}} 19. ^{{cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=Russell|title=Catalan independence supporters win majority in election|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/world/catalan-independence-supporters-win-majority-in-election-1-4645383|accessdate=31 December 2017|work=The Scotsman|date=22 December 2017|location=Edinburgh, U.K.}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Parra|first1=Aritz|last2=Giles|first2=Ciaran|title=Catalan secessionist parties win slim majority in regional parliament|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2017/12/21/spain-holds-breath-as-deeply-divided-catalonia-votes-in-regional-elections.html|accessdate=31 December 2017|work=Toronto Star|agency=Associated Press|date=21 December 2017|location=Toronto, Canada}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Strange|first1=Hannah|title=Catalans nominate 'radical' presidential candidate Quim Torra|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/05/11/catalans-nominate-radical-presidential-candidatequim-torra/|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=11 May 2018|location=London, U.K.}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Catalan lawmakers fail to agree on new president in first-round vote|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/catalan-lawmakers-fail-to-agree-on-new-president-in-first-round-vote|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=The Straits Times|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=12 May 2018|location=Singapore}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Guasch|first1=Albert|title=Catalunya: Pleno de investidura de Quim Torra en directo|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20180512/443520388757/pleno-investidura-quim-torra-parlament-cataluna-en-directo.html|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=La Vanguardia|date=12 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Spanish}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=Separatists fail to elect Quim Torra as new Catalonia leader|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2018/05/separatists-fail-elect-quim-torra-catalonia-leader-180512182759470.html|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=Al Jazeera|date=12 May 2018|location=Doha, Qatar}} 25. ^{{cite news|title=Torra not elected in first round – second vote called for Monday|url=http://www.catalannews.com/highlights/item/torra-not-elected-in-first-round-second-vote-called-for-monday?category_id=32|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=Catalan News Agency|date=12 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Catalans elect new separatist leader Quim Torra|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-44109500|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=BBC News|date=14 May 2018|location=London, U.K.}} 27. ^{{cite news|last1=Cutrona|first1=Judith|title=Quim Torra, investido president de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Las reacciones en directo|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20180514/443577098285/pleno-investidura-quim-torra-parlament-cataluna-en-directo.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=La Vanguardia|date=14 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Spanish}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Nuevo presidente en Cataluña: últimas noticias de Quim Torra en directo|url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2018/05/14/catalunya/1526278431_661081.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=El País|date=14 May 2018|location=Madrid, Spain|language=Spanish}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=New Catalan leader Quim Torra shuns constitution as sworn in|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2018/may/17/new-catalan-leader-quim-torra-shuns-constitution-as-sworn-in-1815907.html|accessdate=17 May 2018|work=The New Indian Express|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=17 May 2018|location=Chennai, India}} 30. ^{{cite news |title=Catalonia's cabinet picks are 'provocation' says Spain's ruling party |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spain-politics-catalonia/catalonias-cabinet-picks-are-provocation-says-spains-ruling-party-idUSKCN1IK0MB |agency=Reuters |date=19 May 2018}} 31. ^{{cite news |title=Catalonia postpones swearing in new regional government |url=https://www.thelocal.es/20180523/catalonia-postpones-swearing-in-new-regional-government |work=The Local |date=23 May 2018}} 32. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/torra-nominates-new-government-including-jailed-and-exiled-officials|title=Torra nominates new government including jailed and exiled officials|last=Bathgate|first=Rachel|agency=Catalan News Agency|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-04}} 33. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.catalannews.com/politics/item/new-cabinet-most-egalitarian-ever|title=New cabinet most egalitarian ever|last=Bathgate|first=Rachel|website=www.catalannews.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-04}} 34. ^{{Cite web|url=https://catalunyadiari.com/politica/torra-desjuni-presos|title=ÚLTIMA HORA: La decisió de Torra que ha sorprès molta gent|last=CatalunyaDiari.cat|website=CatalunyaDiari.cat|language=ca|access-date=2018-12-07}} 35. ^{{cite news|last1=Hedgecoe|first1=Guy|title=Catalan pro-independence candidate could break deadlock|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/catalan-pro-independence-candidate-could-break-deadlock-1.3492149|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=The Irish Times|date=11 May 2018|location=Dublin, Ireland}} 36. ^{{cite news|title=Los tuits supremacistas de Quim Torra no son un bulo|url=https://www.elplural.com/politica/2018/05/11/malditobulo-tuits-supremacistas-quim-torra-no-bulo-omnium|access-date=12 May 2018|work=El Plural|date=11 May 2018|language=Spanish}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20180515/el-partido-europeo-que-integra-al-pdecat-tambien-critica-a-torra-6821037|title=El partido europeo que integra al PDECat también critica a Torra|first=El|last=Periódico|date=15 May 2018|publisher=}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20180514/443580546097/bruselas-ignora-polemicos-escritos-quim-torra.html|title=Bruselas ignora los polémicos escritos de Quim Torra: "No los dignificaré con un comentario"|publisher=}} 39. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sosracisme.org/old/portada/posicionament-sobre-la-polemica-entorn-el-sr-joaquim-torra|title=Aclariment i posicionament sobre la polèmica entorn el Sr. Joaquim Torra|last=|first=|date=18 May 2018|work=SOS Racisme|access-date=21 May 2018|language=ca}} 40. ^{{cite news|last1=Baquero|first1=Camilo S.|title=Investiture vote called for hard-line Catalan separatist Quim Torra|url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/05/11/inenglish/1526026985_170608.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=El País|date=11 May 2018|location=Madrid, Spain}} 41. ^{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Sam|title=Hopes of end to Catalan impasse as Puigdemont anoints new successor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/11/carles-puigdemont-proposes-quim-torra-successor-catalonia-government|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=The Guardian|date=11 May 2018|location=London, U.K.}} 42. ^{{cite news|last1=Stothard|first1=Michael|title=Catalonia set to vote on Quim Torra as regional head|url=https://www.ft.com/content/5a3cddcc-5511-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec|accessdate=11 May 2018|work=Financial Times|date=11 May 2018|location=London, U.K.}} 43. ^{{cite news|last1=Orriols|first1=Núria|title=Torra: "Només contemplo la possibilitat d'obeir el que decideixi el Parlament"|url=https://www.ara.cat/politica/Torra-Nomes-contemplo-possibilitat-Parlament_0_2012798881.html|accessdate=14 May 2018|work=Ara|date=11 May 2018|location=Barcelona, Spain|language=Catalan}} External links{{commonscatinline}}
12 : 1962 births|Autonomous University of Barcelona alumni|Book editors|Catalan lawyers|Catalan politicians|Catalan writers|Independent politicians in Catalonia|Living people|Members of the 12th Parliament of Catalonia|People from Selva|Presidents of the Government of Catalonia|Torra Government |
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