| 词条 | Quinault Canyon |
| 释义 |
| water = | name = Quinault Canyon | other_name = | photo = Map of Quinault Canyon.png | photo_caption = Quinault Canyon, at bottom, a bit left | map = | map_caption = | elevation_ft = | elevation_ref = | location = | range = | coordinates = {{coords|47.35|N|125.133333|W|region:US|notes=|format=dms|display=inline, title}} | region = | display = | length = | width = | area = 378 square nautical miles | topo = | type = | age = | volcanic_arc/belt = | last_eruption = | operator = | designation = | website = }} The Quinault Canyon is a submarine canyon, off Washington State, in Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.[1][2] The areaIt lies opposite the Quinault Reservation.[3] From the map, it is clear the Quinault River drains into the Pacific Ocean, opposite Quinault Canyon. The north of the Copalis National Wildlife Refuge is also a bit east, as are a few cities and sites, as Kalaloch, Queets, Taholah, Point Grenville (a headland), Moclips, and Pacific Beach. Also, Quinault, Washington and Lake Quinault are both onshore. The canyon is dynamic area where humans do not detect massive submarine landslides which occur on its steep side walls, and the bottom collects sediment deposited from above. Its dimensionsQuinault Canyon is {{convert|25|km|mi}} from shore, [4] and is 378 square nautical miles in area.[5] Nearby submarine canyonsAll of the following submarine canyons are near, headed north to south:[6][7][2]
Of local submarine canyons, Quinault canyon is deepest.[7] Quinault Canyon has a maximum depth of {{convert|1477|m|ft}}.[8] Quinault Canyon's relationships to volcanic eruptionsBoth the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and the eruption of Mount Mazama in about 5677 BC left turbidites, in Quinault Canyon. [4] On Quinault Canyon's role as a pathwayQuinault Canyon has acted as a funnel for north- and northwestward-moving sediment along Washington’s continental shelf,[9] and it is a major pathway between the continental shelf of Washington and deep sea. Silt and clay originating from the Columbia River move down Quinault Canyon.[1] On Quinault Canyon's aquatic lifeIt also serves as a conduit for dense, cold, nutrient-rich seawater pulling toward shore, where upwelling feeds surface productivity at the base of the food web.[10] Due to productive topographically induced upwelling that occurs, Quinault Canyon is important for many fish, invertebrate, and whales. High relief is offered by boulders, vertical walls, and ridges. Rockfish have used this. As of June 14, 2016, there has been low sampling, but there are 14 records of
Quinault ChannelA deep-sea channel, Quinault Channel, connects Quinault Canyon to Cascadia Channel. [12] Exploration of Quinault CanyonAs of August 2017, there is an expedition to explore Quinault Canyon, something never before done. Results are forthcoming. Remotely operated underwater vehicles or autonomous underwater vehicles have never before explored Quinault and Quileute Canyons. These canyons are of great interest. The mission is to map habitats that support many of the Quinault Nation’s treaty fisheries, sample for harmful algal blooms, to map the ocean floor, to check oxygen levels, and investigate ocean acidification.[13] Methane seepsMethane seeps have been found, inside and near Quinault Canyon.[14][15]See alsoLocal geography
Other useful links related to the name Quinault
References1. ^1 {{cite journal | url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0025322786900344 | title=Accumulation of modern sediment in Quinault submarine canyon | journal=Marine Geology | volume=71 | issue=1–2 | pages=107–124 | date=April 1986 | accessdate=22 August 2017 | author=K.W.Thorbjarnarson, C.A.Nittrouer, D.J.DeMaster| bibcode=1986MGeol..71..107T | doi=10.1016/0025-3227(86)90034-4 }} 2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://nautiluslive.org/blog/2017/08/17/exploring-olympic-coast-national-marine-sanctuary-quinault-canyon | title=Exploring Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary & Quinault Canyon | publisher=Nautilus Live | date=August 17, 2017 | accessdate=22 August 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://elevationmap.net/quinault-canyon-#menu2 | title=elevationmap.net | accessdate=22 August 2017}} 4. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Kaplan%20et%20al.%202010.pdf | title=Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | publisher=US Department of the Interior | date=July 2010 | accessdate=27 August 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://noaacoastsurvey.wordpress.com/category/noaa-ships/page/2/ | title=NOAA Coast Survey | publisher=NOAA | accessdate=26 August 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/~klinck/Reprints/PDF/hickeyHawaii95.pdf | title=Coastal Submarine Canyons | publisher=School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington | accessdate=23 August 2017 | author=B.M. Hickey}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/habitats/seafloor/seafloor.html | title=Seafloor | publisher=NOAA | date=July 26, 2017 | accessdate=23 August 2017 | author=Steelquist, Robert}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/habitats/seafloor/seafloor.html | title=Seafloor | publisher=olympiccoast.noaa.gov | accessdate=22 August 2017}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=M.R. Landry|author2=B.M. Hickey|title=Coastal Oceanography of Washington and Oregon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uDrS8FePFoC&pg=PA289|date=1 March 1989|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087085-4|pages=289–}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/science/condition/ocnms/history.html | title=Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary | publisher=National Marine Sanctuaries | date=2008 | accessdate=24 August 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/oceana_efh_report_june_2016.pdf | title=PROPOSAL OVERVIEW AND UPDATE Comprehensive Conservation Alternative to Modify U.S. West Coast Groundfish Essential Fish Habitat Conservation and Management | publisher=usa.oceana.org | accessdate=26 August 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1043/of2012-1043.pdf | title=Deep-Sea Turbidites as Guides to Holocene Earthquake History at the Cascadia Subduction Zone— Alternative Views for a Seismic-Hazard Workshop | publisher=USGS | date=2012 | accessdate=11 September 2017 | author=Brian F. Atwater and Gary B. Griggs}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=https://nativenewsonline.net/currents/never-explored-illuminating-quinault-canyon/ | title=Never Explored Before Illuminating Quinault Canyon | publisher=Native News Online Staff | date=25 Jul 2017 | accessdate=24 August 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/science/surveyscruises/2016/2016_nautilus_groundtruth.html | title=E/V Nautilus Explores the Quinault Canyon Rim 2016 | publisher=Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary | date=July 26, 2017 | accessdate=25 August 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web | url=https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/science/surveyscruises/2016/2016_rainier_survey.html | title=Rainier Survey of Quinault & Quileute Canyons 2016 | publisher=Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary | accessdate=25 August 2017}} External links
4 : Geography of the Pacific Northwest|Submarine canyons of the Pacific Ocean|Quinault places|Quinault |
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