| 词条 | R3 (company) |
| 释义 |
R3 (R3 LLC) is a distributed ledger technology company.[1][2] It leads a consortium of more than 200[3] firms in research and development of distributed ledger usage in the financial system and other areas of commerce.[4] It is headquartered in New York City. It was founded in 2014 by David E Rutter. The current CTO is Richard G Brown. CordaThe consortium's joint efforts have created an open-source distributed ledger platform called Corda[5] especially geared towards the financial world as it handles more complex transactions and restricts access to transaction data. It has also attracted interest from other industries including insurance, healthcare, energy and governments.[4] Although it is inspired by blockchain databases, and is expected to have many of the benefits of blockchains, it is not a blockchain.[5] The aim of Corda is to provide a platform with common services to ensure that any services built on top are compatible between the network participants, whilst still fostering innovation and faster time to market as the underlying infrastructure would be accepted and understood by at least the founding firms. If we have one platform with lots of products on top, then we get something that's more like the internet, where we still get innovation but we can still communicate with each other.[6] - David Rutter Corda's code was open-sourced on November 30, 2016, and may in the future be contributed to the Hyperledger project. Hyperledger is a cross-industry project led by the non-profit Linux Foundation to advance blockchain technology by coming up with common standards.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} HistoryThe consortium started on September 15, 2015 with nine financial companies:[7][8][9][10] Barclays, BBVA, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Credit Suisse, Goldman Sachs, J.P. Morgan,[11] Royal Bank of Scotland, State Street, and UBS. On September 29, 2015 an additional 13 financial companies joined:[12] Bank of America, BNY Mellon, Citi, Commerzbank, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Morgan Stanley, National Australia Bank, Royal Bank of Canada, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken,[13] Société Générale, and Toronto-Dominion Bank. Financial Times reporter Kadhim Shubber wrote that the new additions are "a sign the industry is gathering behind R3 in one potential implementation of the distributed ledger technology behind the cryptocurrency bitcoin."[14] On October 28, 2015 an additional three financial companies joined:[15] Mizuho Bank, Nordea, and UniCredit. On November 19, 2015 an additional five financial companies joined :[16] BNP Paribas, Wells Fargo, ING, Macquarie Group and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. On December 17, 2015, an additional 12 financial companies joined :[17] BMO Financial Group, Danske Bank, Intesa Sanpaolo, Natixis, Nomura, Northern Trust, OP Financial Group, Banco Santander, Scotiabank, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, U.S. Bancorp and Westpac Banking Corporation. As of April 25, 2016, three additional financial companies joined:[18] SBI Holdings of Japan, Hana Financial of South Korea, and Bank Itau of Brazil. Toyota Financial Services joined in June[19] and MetLife joined in August 2016.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} On March 3, 2016, R3 announced that it had completed a trial involving 40 banks held in the last two weeks of February, testing the use of blockchain solutions offered by Monax, IBM, Intel and Chain to facilitate the trading of debt instruments. This was a follow-on to an 11-bank trial conducted earlier in January which used Ethereum hosted on Microsoft Azure.[20] In November 2016, Goldman Sachs, Santander and Morgan Stanley each withdrew from the consortium.[21][22][23] On December 14, 2016, Credicorp becomes the first Spanish-speaking Latin American member of R3.[24][25] In April 2017, JPMorgan Chase quit R3 to pursue its own blockchain strategy.[26] On May 23, 2017, R3 publicly announced that it had secured the largest ever investment for distributed ledger technology with USD 107 million as part of its Series A funding round, from over 40 institutions, spanning over 15 countries globally.[27] Also in May 2017, the Bank of Canada and Payments Canada, as well of some Canadian chartered banks, announced the results of a year-long trial of R3 consortium's DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) which will not be adopted at this time for reasons of transaction privacy and scalability.[28] R3 has been represented by fintech PR firm, Chatsworth Communications, since launch.[29] In August 2017, The Colombian central bank Banco de la República Colombia partnered with R3 consortium for the testing of the latter's distributed ledger technology (DLT) or Blockchain technology, called Corda. Meanwhile, R3 and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) have recently completed testing of the Corda system for interbank payments. The project aims to create a system in which participants or users can transact in different global markets round-the-clock, and eliminate issues due to timezone and office hour differences.[30] In September 2017, R3 sued Ripple for specific performance of an option agreement in which Ripple agreed to sell up to five billion XRPs for a price of $.0085. Ripple countersued, claiming that R3 reneged on a number of contractual promises, and was simply acting in a spirit of opportunism after the cryptocurrency soared more than 30 times over.[31] A Delaware judge ruled in favor of Ripple, but the case will continue in California and New York.[32] In October 2017, according to Cointelegraph seven major global banks partnered with R3 and Finastra for the development of the Blockchain technology-based marketplace for syndicated loans, called Fusion LenderComm. Among the banks are BNP Paribas, BNY Mellon, State Street, and ING.[33] On December 6, 2017, Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced a partnership with R3 to allow the company's Corda platform to become one of the first ever distributed ledger technology solutions on the AWS. Corda allows users to deploy DApps onto the AWS platform and to create new apps directly. [34]In December 2017, Korean banking giant Nonghyup (NH) Bank, which specializes in agricultural and commercial credit and banking services in South Korea, joined the R3 Blockchain consortium.[35] In March 2018, Credit Suisse and ING completed the first live securities lending transaction worth €25 million using an application from HQLAx, a financial technology firm, that was built on Corda.[36] In April 2018, Finastra launched the first live application on R3's Corda. Fusion LenderComm is a blockchain-powered platform for syndicated loans.[37] ControversyThe decision of R3 to publicly proclaim that the Corda platform they have built is not a "blockchain" garnered criticism on a number of media outlets and microblogging services in early 2017.[38][39] The assertion of R3 is that they "were never building [a] blockchain", though they were clear to emphasize the fact that they have not abandoned the concept of blockchain altogether. Corda is described as a distributed ledger, which "was never designed to be a traditional blockchain platform".[40] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.coindesk.com/r3cev-distributed-ledger-wall-street/|title = Inside R3CEV's Plot to Bring Distributed Ledgers to Wall Street|author = Stan Higgins|date = July 21, 2015|work = CoinDesk}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Bitcoin Technology Piques Interest on Wall St. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/31/business/dealbook/bitcoin-technology-piques-interest-on-wall-st.html |date=August 28, 2015|author=Nathaniel Popper|work=The New York Times}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Joel|title=Blockchain Initiative of the Year 2018: The Nominees|url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/blockchain-initiative-of-the-year-2018-the-nominees-20180325|website=Financial News|publisher=Dow Jones|accessdate=26 April 2018}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Allison|first1=Ian|title=Beyond Banking: R3's Expanding Vision for Global Blockchain|url=https://www.coindesk.com/beyond-banking-r3-expanding-vision-global-blockchain/|website=CoinDesk|accessdate=26 April 2018}} 5. ^1 {{Cite 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https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/15/us-banks-blockchain-idUSKCN0RF24M20150915|title = Nine of world's biggest banks join to form blockchain partnership|author = Jemima Kelly|date = September 15, 2015|work = Reuters}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2015/09/15/bitbeat-wall-street-city-banks-join-blockchain-focused-consortium/|title = BitBeat: Wall Street, City Banks Join Blockchain-Focused Consortium|author = Paul Vigna|date = September 15, 2015|work = The Wall Street Journal}} 10. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/blockchain-expert-tim-swanson-talks-about-r3-partnership-goldman-sachs-jp-morgan-ubs-barclays-1519905|title = Blockchain expert Tim Swanson talks about R3 partnership of Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, UBS, Barclays et al|author = Ian Allison|date = September 16, 2015|work = International Business Times}} 11. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.coindesk.com/jpmorgan-ceo-expresses-optimism-about-blockchain-tech/|title = JPMorgan CEO Issues Cautious Remarks on Blockchain Tech|author = Pete Rizzo|date = September 18, 2015|work = CoinDesk}} 12. ^{{cite web|url = https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/r-blockchain-development-initiative-grows-to-banks-worldwide-1443553081|title = R3 Blockchain Development Initiative Grows to 22 Banks Worldwide|author = Jessie Willms|date = September 29, 2015|work = Bitcoin Magazine}} 13. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.coindesk.com/swedens-seb-blockchain-could-make-banks-radically-more-efficient/|title = SEB: Blockchain Could Make Banks 'Radically More Efficient'|author = Pete Rizzo|date = September 30, 2015|work = CoinDesk}} 14. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/72ffd222-66be-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5.html|title = Blockchain initiative pulls in another 13 banks|author = Kadhim Shubber|date = September 29, 2015|work = Financial Times|quote = The addition of the banks, which also include HSBC, BNY Mellon, Deutsche Bank and seven others, is a sign the industry is gathering behind R3 in one potential implementation of the distributed ledger technology behind the currency bitcoin.}} 15. ^{{cite web|url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/10/28/uk-global-banks-blockchain-idUKKCN0SM1UH20151028|title = Three banks join R3 blockchain consortium taking total to 25|author = Jemima Kelly|date = October 28, 2015|work = Reuters}} 16. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/19/global-banks-blockchain-idUSL8N13E36B20151119#qjEHsbbmh1BWGfT5.97|title = R3 blockchain group adds 5 banks, brings in technology heavyweights|author = Jemima Kelly|date = November 19, 2015|work = Reuters}} 17. ^{{cite web|url = http://r3cev.com/s/PRESS-RELEASE-R3-distributed-ledger-initiative-grows-to-42-bank-members-and-extends-reach-FINAL.pdf|title = R3's distributed ledger initiative grows to 42 bank members and looks to extend reach to the broader financial services community|work = R3 (company)}} 18. ^{{Cite 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https://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2016/11/22/morgan-stanley-plans-to-drop-out-of-r3-blockchain-group/] 24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.r3cev.com/press/2016/12/14/credicorp-joins-r3-distributed-ledger-consortium|title=Credicorp joins R3 distributed ledger consortium|newspaper=R3|access-date=2016-12-15}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsbtc.com/2016/12/14/credicorp-becomes-first-spanish-speaking-latin-american-member-r3-consortium/|title=Credicorp Becomes First Spanish-Speaking Latin American Member Of R3 Consortium|last=Buntinx|first=Author JP|date=2016-12-14|website=NEWSBTC|access-date=2016-12-15}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=JPMorgan Chase Quits R3 To Pursue Its Own Blockchain Strategy|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/jpmorgan-chase-quits-r3-to-pursue-its-own-blockchain-strategy|agency=Cointelegraph|date=28 April 2017}} 27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.corda.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/R3FundingPressRelease.pdf|title=Corda {{!}} Home|website=www.corda.net|access-date=2018-12-21}} 28. ^https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-commentary/could-dlt-underpin-an-entire-wholesale-payment-system/article35106771/ 29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.prweek.com/article/1367781/chatsworth-represent-global-banking-group-bitcoin-tech-research|title=Chatsworth to represent global banking group on Bitcoin tech research|access-date=2017-07-19}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Colombian Central Bank To Test Distributed Ledger Technology Corda|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/colombian-central-bank-to-test-distributed-ledger-technology-corda|agency=Cointelegraph|date=30 August 2017}} 31. ^{{cite news|title=7 Global Banks Partner Up to Develop Blockchain-based Syndicated Loan Market|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/r3-consortium-sues-blockchain-platform-ripple-over-cancelled-billion-dollar-contract|agency=Cointelegraph|date=7 October 2017}} 32. ^{{cite news|title=Delaware Judge Throws Out Case Against Blockchain-Based Payment Network Ripple|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/delaware-judge-throws-out-case-against-blockchain-based-payment-network-ripple|agency=Cointelegraph|date=14 October 2017}} 33. ^{{cite news|title=7 Global Banks Partner Up to Develop Blockchain-based Syndicated Loan Market|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/7-global-banks-partner-up-to-develop-blockchain-based-syndicated-loan-market|agency=Cointelegraph|date=7 October 2017}} 34. ^{{cite news|title=Amazon Embraces Distributed Ledger Through R3, Shuns Other Blockchain Solutions|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/amazon-embraces-distributed-ledger-through-r3-shuns-other-blockchain-solutions|agency=Cointelegraph|date=6 December 2017}} 35. ^{{cite news|title=NH Bank Joins R3 Blockchain Consortium|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/nh-bank-joins-r3-blockchain-consortium|agency=Cointelegraph|date=11 December 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web|last1=Irrera|first1=Anna|title=Banks complete 25 million euros securities transaction on blockchain platform|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-blockchain-securities/banks-complete-25-million-euros-securities-transaction-on-blockchain-platform-idUKKCN1GD4DW|website=Reuters|accessdate=26 April 2018}} 37. ^{{cite web|last1=Wass|first1=Sanne|title=Blockchain solution for syndicated loans becomes first app to go live on R3's Corda|url=https://www.gtreview.com/news/fintech/blockchain-solution-for-syndicated-loans-becomes-first-app-to-go-live-on-r3s-corda/|website=Global Trade Review|accessdate=26 April 2018}} 38. ^{{Cite news|url=https://cointelegraph.com/news/we-dont-need-blockchain-r3-consortium-after-59-million-research|title=We Don't Need Blockchain: R3 Consortium After $59 Million Research|website=CoinTelegraph|access-date=2017-03-15}} 39. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/5verbv/r3_concedes_defeat_no_block_chain_because_we_dont/|title=R3 concedes defeat: "No Block Chain, because we don't need one."|website=Reddit|access-date=2017-03-15}} 40. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.r3cev.com/blog/2016/4/4/introducing-r3-corda-a-distributed-ledger-designed-for-financial-services|title=We Don't Need Blockchain: R3 Consortium After $59 Million Research|website=CoinTelegraph|access-date=2017-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225160256/http://www.r3cev.com/blog/2016/4/4/introducing-r3-corda-a-distributed-ledger-designed-for-financial-services|archive-date=2016-04-04 |dead-url=yes}} External links
2 : Companies based in New York City|Blockchains |
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