“Raba, Jenin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Raba ({{lang-ar|رابا}}) is a Palestinian village in the Jenin Governorate.

History

Pottery sherds from the Persian (15%), Hellenistic (20%), early and late Roman (10%+5%), Byzantine (20%), early Muslim (10%) and the Middle ages (10%) have been found here.^[2]

Ottoman era

Raba, like all of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. About 10% of the pottery sherds found in the village date back to this period.^[2] In the 1596 Ottoman tax registers, it was located in the nahiya of Jabal Sami in the liwa of Nablus. Raba was listed as an entirely Muslim village with a population of 23 families. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, and goats and/or beehives, a press for olive oil or grape syrup, in addition to occasional revenues and a tax on people from the Nablus area, a total of 3,500 akçe.^[3]

In 1838 Rabeh was noted as a village in the Haritheh district, north of Nablus.^[4]

In 1870, Raba, situated south of Deir Abu Da'if, was one of the "not important" villages Victor Guérin noted from Faqqua.^[5]

In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) noted Raba as "A stone village of moderate size at the head of a valley, surrounded with scrub and having arable land to the north. The water supply appears to be artificial, cisterns existing to the north-west among the ruins."^[6]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Raba had a population of 415, all Muslim,^[7] increasing in the 1931 census to 570, still all Muslim, in 111 houses.^[8]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Raba (including Khirbat Umm Sirhan) was 870 Muslims^[9] while the total land area was 25,642 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.^[10] Of this, 870 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 5,833 for cereals,^[11] while 21 dunams were classified as built-up areas.^[12]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Raba came under Jordanian rule.

post-1967

Ruins

The SWP visited in 1872 and noted: "There are ruins on every side of the modern village. On the north-east is a small ruined tower with two courses of masonry standing; the south-west angle only remains.

One wall, 12 feet in extent, is directed 37°. There is a stone, which seems to have formed part of a door, lying south-east of the tower, 1 foot 6 inches thick, 2 feet 7 inches high, and about the same in width, with three recesses, as if for bars or a lock. Three shafts lie fallen near, about 2 feet diameter. A terrace or

outer wall ran round the tower. No cisterns exist near. The corner-stones are drafted ; one stone measured 3 feet in length, 1 foot 10 inches in height, the draft 3 1/2 inches broad, and the boss rudely dressed, projecting about the same.^[14]

South-west of the village is another ruin, which seems to be a chapel, but is not facing directly to the east. The foundations only remain, the length direction being 19°, and the apse at the north-east end 10 feet 4 inches diameter. The total interior length is 9 feet, plus 5 feet 2 inches the radius of the apse, or 14 feet 2 inches. The wall is 5 feet thick, of two courses of ashlar, with a core of rubble in soft white mortar. The stones in the ashlar are 2 feet long, 1 foot thick, and 1 1/2 feet in height. Several flagstones lie about. The stone is hard; the masonry is not drafted.^[15]

The third ruin is north of this chapel and west of the village. This includes a second ruined tower of larger size, called Kusr Sheikh Raba. Only one or two courses of the foundation remain, the building being 29 feet square outside, and the foundation almost solid. The bearing of one wall is 42°. The stones are large: one was found 5 feet 4 inches long, 1 foot 2 inches high. Some of the blocks are drafted with a draft 3 1/2 inches broad, the boss left rustic. Near this tower there are five rock-cut cisterns and a small cave, with other traces of ruins.

There would appear to have been a Christian site here, and the dressing of the stones suggests Crusading work.^[15]

References

1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/205/mode/1up 205]
2. ^¹Zertal, 2007, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFDJt_F0nvoC&pg=PA172 172]-3
3. ^Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 129
4. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/130/mode/1up 130]
5. ^Guérin, 1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/336/mode/1up 336]
6. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/227/mode/1up 227]-228
7. ^Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n31/mode/1up 29]
8. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 70]
9. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16
10. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 55
11. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 99
12. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 149
13. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
14. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/243/mode/1up 243]
15. ^¹Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/244/mode/1up 244]