| 词条 | Raid on Canso (1776) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Raid on Canso (1776) |partof=the American Revolutionary War | image= John Paul Jones by Charles Wilson Peale, c1781.jpg | image_size = 300px |caption= John Paul Jones |date= 22 September – 22 November 1776 |place= Canso, Nova Scotia |result=US victory |combatant1={{flagicon|United States|1777}} United States of America |combatant2={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |commander1={{Flagicon image|Naval Jack of the United States.svg}} John Paul Jones |commander2={{flagicon|Kingdom of Great Britain|naval}} John Robin (merchant) George Smith (merchant)(POW)[1] |strength1= 2 brigs |strength2= approximately 15 fishing vessels |casualties1= none |casualties2= 1st attack: 3 vessels burned, 1 sunk, 5 prizes, 1 shallop confiscated; 2nd attack: 6 prizes, 1 burned, 1 confiscated }}{{Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Northern coast 1776-1781}}{{Campaignbox American Revolutionary War: Nova Scotia theatre}} The Raid on Canso took place on 22 September – November 22, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War. The raid involved John Paul Jones attacking Canso, Nova Scotia and the surrounding fishing villages. [2][3] BackgroundDuring the American Revolution, Americans regularly attacked Nova Scotia by land and sea. American privateers devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities,[4] such as the numerous raids on Liverpool and on Annapolis Royal.[5] During the American Revolution, Canso was subject to numerous raids by American Privateers. George Washington's Marblehead Regiment raided Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island on 17 November 1775 and three days later, they raided Canso Harbor. RaidOn September 22, 1776, Canso was attacked by American privateer John Paul Jones. The privateer sailed on the {{USS|Providence|1775|6}} and destroyed fifteen vessels, and damaged much property on shore. There he recruited men to fill the vacancies created by manning his prizes, burned a British fishing schooner, sank a second, and captured a third besides a shallop which he used as a tender.[6] [7][8] Jones then pillaged the community of Petit-de-Grat and Arichat on Isle Madame, Nova Scotia. The nine ships (300 men) immediately surrendered. On the evening of September 25, a gale droved three of the prizes on to shore and they were destroyed. (The remaining prizes were Alexander, Kingston Packet, Success and Defence.) Jones destroyed John Robin’s fishing business when they plundered and razed the entire establishment. The business of John Robin ended and he did not return until after the war.[9] Jones then sailed to Boston only to return two months later. On 22 November, John Paul Jones returned to Canso in the {{USS|Alfred|1774|6}}. Boats from the ship went ashore and he raided the community, his crews burned a transport bound for Canada with provisions and a warehouse full of whale oil, besides capturing a small schooner. He took 6 prizes, 1 burned, 1 confiscated.[10] Captain Jones then went on to present-day Sydney, Nova Scotia to free 300 Americans imprisoned in the British coalmines.[11][12] AftermathAgain in 1779, American privateers destroyed the Canso fisheries, worth $50,000 a year to England.[13] American privateers remained a threat to Nova Scotian ports for the rest of the war. For example, after a failed attempt to raid Chester, Nova Scotia, American privateers struck again in the Raid on Lunenburg in 1782. See also
Notes1. ^Guys borough sketches and other essays. p. 102 2. ^John Paul Jones Raids Arichat, 1776 3. ^John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography by Samuel Eliot Morison, 1959 4. ^Benjamin Franklin also engaged France in the war, which meant that many of the privateers were also from France. 5. ^Roger Marsters (2004). Bold Privateers: Terror, Plunder and Profit on Canada's Atlantic Coast" , p. 87-89 6. ^John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography by Samuel Eliot Morison, 1959 7. ^[https://archive.org/stream/navalhistoryof01abbo#page/59/mode/1up/search/canso p.60] 8. ^[https://archive.org/stream/navyfromitsorigin01spearich#page/77/mode/1up/search/nova+scotia pp.77-78] 9. ^John Paul Jones Raids Arichat, 1776 10. ^John Paul Jones: A Sailor's Biography by Samuel Eliot Morison, 1959 11. ^Jones' log book 12. ^[https://archive.org/stream/navalhistoryof01abbo#page/63/mode/1up/search/nova+scotia p.63] 13. ^Lieutenant Governor Sir Richard Hughes states in a dispatch to Lord Germaine ReferencesPrimary Sources
Secondary Sources
8 : Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving the United States|Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War|Privateering|Conflicts in 1776|Maritime history of Canada|Military history of Nova Scotia|Military history of New England|1776 in Prince Edward Island |
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