| 词条 | Rainbow Canyon (California) |
| 释义 |
| name = Rainbow Canyon | embed = | other_name = | photo = | photo_size = | photo_width = | photo_caption = | photo_alt = | map = California | map_size = 250 | map_width = | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in the state of California | location = Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, California, U.S. | relief = | label = Rainbow Canyon | label_position = top | coordinates = {{coord|36.3658|-117.5015|display=title,inline|region:US-CA_type:landmark}}{{r|GNIS}} | coordinates_ref = | elevation = {{convert|1854|ft}} | elevation_ref = | direction = | length = {{convert|5.5|mi|km}} | width = | area = | depth = | type = | age = | boundaries = | topo = | towns = | traversed = | watercourses = | footnotes = }} Rainbow Canyon (also nicknamed Star Wars Canyon{{r|lv}}) is a canyon near the western edge of Death Valley National Park in Inyo County, California. It is approximately {{convert|130|mi}} west of Las Vegas and {{convert|160|mi}} north of Los Angeles. It is commonly used by the United States Air Force and Navy for fighter jet training and is frequented by photographers who, from the canyon rim, are able to photograph jets flying beneath them. The canyon rim can be accessed from Father Crowley Overlook off California State Route 190. History, geology, and topographyThe canyon was cut from basalt{{r|dvj}} lava flows and lapilli beds of the Darwin Hills volcanoes, which last erupted between two and four million years ago during the Pliocene epoch. Formations of granite and marble (metamorphosed Paleozoic limestone), including calc-silicate hornfels occur below the lava in the deepest parts of the canyon.{{r|dvg|gspp}} Other pyroclastic rock is also exposed.{{r|gspp}} This variety of material created walls of reds, grey, and pink that are similar to the fictional Star Wars planet Tatooine. As a result, the canyon is nicknamed Star Wars Canyon.{{r|lv}} Hundreds of petroglyphs from the Coso people who once inhabited the area can be found in the canyon.{{r|dvj}} Rainbow Canyon drains the west slope of the Santa Rosa Hills and the east slope of the Inyo Mountains into the Panamint Valley. The steep walls are up to {{convert|1000|ft}} tall.{{r|gspp}} Flight trainingMilitary training flights have used Rainbow Canyon since World War II. Planes travel through the canyon at {{convert|200|to|300|mph}} and when flying as low as {{convert|200|ft}} above the canyon floor are still only several hundred feet below observers on the rim. Observers are close enough to the planes that they can see the pilots' facial expressions, who, aware of the audience, sometime give gestures or other signals.{{r|lv}} In addition to fighters such as the F-15, F-18, and F-22, there are also bombers. At least once, a C-17 Globemaster cargo plane was observed. Foreign combat aircraft such as the Israeli F-16I Sufa, Eurofighter Typhoon, and even the Sukhoi Su-30 MKI have been photographed or filmed making passes through the canyon.{{r|pm1}} Air bases that conduct low-altitude training at Rainbow Canyon include Nellis Air Force Base, Naval Air Station Lemoore, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, Fresno Air National Guard Base{{r|pm1}} and Edwards Air Force Base.{{r|as}} The airspace in the area is restricted to military training, designed to hone the pilots' skills at flying low and fast to avoid enemy radar and anti-aircraft fire.{{r|as}} The area is within the Panamint Military operations area, part of the R-2508 Complex administered by Edwards (the R-2508 Complex handbook actually refers to the canyon as Star Wars Canyon and the path through the canyon connecting Owens Valley in the west and Panamint Valley in the east as the Jedi Transition.){{r|apd}} PhotographyBecause Rainbow Canyon offers the rare opportunity of proximity to military jets in flight, the National Park Service is considering making it an attraction with informational signs and a parking lot, though training schedules are not available to the public and flights do not occur every day.{{r|lv}} See also
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Margot|first1=Ben|last2=Watson|first2=Julie|title=Fighter jets put on show in Death Valley’s Star Wars Canyon|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/military/fighter-jets-put-on-show-in-death-valleys-star-wars-canyon/|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|publisher=The Associated Press|date=April 11, 2017}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]2. ^{{cite web|last1=Mattern|first1=Jim|title=Rainbow Canyon Petroglyphs (Death Valley National Park)|url=https://deathvalleyjim.com/rainbow-canyon-petroglyphs-death-valley-national-park/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413153716/https://deathvalleyjim.com/rainbow-canyon-petroglyphs-death-valley-national-park/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=13 April 2017|accessdate=13 April 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Mizokami|first1=Kyle|title=Here's an Air Force C-17 Threading a Canyon|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a22882/c-17-canyon-flight/|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Popular Mechanics|date=September 15, 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Zach|title=Want to See a Fighter Jet Fly Low and Fast? Here Are Some Prime Viewing Spots|url=http://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/fly-low-and-fast-180956560/|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Air & Space Smithsonian}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Lebowitz|first1=Issac|title=A Visit to Rainbow Canyon: Military Low Level Flying in Death Valley|url=http://aviationphotodigest.com/a-visit-to-rainbow-canyon/|accessdate=13 April 2017|work=Aviation Photography Digest}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Bryan|first1=T. Scott|last2=Tucker-Bryan|first2=Betty|title=The Explorer's Guide to Death Valley National Park|date=2014|publisher=University Press of Colorado|location=Boulder, Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-340-2|edition=Third|accessdate=13 April 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plcpBgAAQBAJ}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Wayne E.|last2=MacKevett|first2=E.M.|title=Geology and Ore Deposits of the Darwin Quadrangle, Inyo County, California|date=1962|publisher=United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zSbdm9_OHsUC|accessdate=13 April 2017}} }} External links
3 : Canyons and gorges of California|Geography of California|Death Valley |
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