| 词条 | Raman Laser Spectrometer | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| Name = Raman Laser Spectrometer | Image = | Caption = | Operator = European Space Agency | Manufacturer = European Space Agency | Type = Raman spectrometer | Function = mineralogical composition | Mission_Duration = ≥ 7 months[1] | Began = | Ceased = | Webpage = | Mass = | Dimensions = | Power_consumption = | Resolution = | Spectral_Band = | Data_Rate = | Spacecraft = Rosalind Franklin rover | SC_Operator = European Space Agency | Launch = Planned: July 2020[2] | Rocket = Proton rocket | Launch_Site = | COSPAR = }} Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) is a miniature Raman spectrometer that is part of the science payload on board the European Space Agency{{'s}} Rosalind Franklin rover,[3] tasked to search for biosignatures and biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched in July 2020 and land on Mars in March 2021. Raman spectroscopy is a very useful technique employed to identify mineral phases produced by water-related processes.[4][5][6] RLS will help to identify organic compounds and search for microbial life by identifying the mineral products and indicators of biologic activities. RLS will provide geological and mineralogical context information that will be scientifically cross-correlated with that obtained by other instruments.[7]Overview
Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to the composition and structure of any organic compound, making it a powerful tool for the definitive identification and characterisation of biomarkers, and providing direct information of potential biosignatures of past microbial life on Mars.[4] This instrument will also provide general mineralogical information for igneous, metamorphous, and sedimentary processes.[4] RST will also correlate its spectral information with other spectroscopic and imaging instruments such as the Infrared Spectrometer and MicrOmega-IR.[4] This will be the first Raman analyser to be deployed for a planetary exploration.[7] The first version for the rover was presented by Fernando Rull-Perez and Sylvestre Maurice in 2003.[7] The RLS is being developed by a European consortium integrated by Spanish, French, German and UK partners.[7] The Principal Investigator is Fernando Rull-Perez, from Centro de Astrobiología in Spain.[4] The co-investigator is from Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (LAOMP), France.[8] The three major components are the Spectrometer Unit, the Control and Excitation Unit (includes the power converters), and Optical head.[9] Principle and operationThe RLS instrument provides a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. It is used to analyse the vibrational mode Some advantages of RLS over other analysers are that it is nondestructive, analysis is completed in a fraction of a second, and the spectral bands provide definitive composition of the material.[7] RLS measurements will be conducted on the resulting crushed sample powder and it will be a useful tool for flagging the presence of organic molecules for further biomarker search by the MOMA analyser. The processor board carries out several key functions for the Raman spectrometer control, spectral operation, data storage, and communications with the rover. The complete instrument has a mass of 2.4 kg (5.29 lb) and consumes about 30 W while operating.[4][7][10] ObjectivesThe goal of RLS is to seek signs of past life on Mars (biosignatures and biomarkers) by analysing drilled samples acquired from 2 meters below the Martian surface by the Rosalind Franklin rover core drill. The science objectives of RLS are: [7]
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal |title=Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover |journal=Astrobiology |first=Jorge L. |last=Vago |display-authors=etal |volume=17 |issue=6-7 |pages=471-510 |date=July 2017 |doi=10.1089/ast.2016.1533 |bibcode=2017AsBio..17..471V}} {{Exomars}}{{Satellite and spacecraft instruments}}{{Astrobiology}}{{European Space Agency}}{{Use British English|date=July 2018}}2. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.esa.int/For_Media/Press_Releases/Second_ExoMars_mission_moves_to_next_launch_opportunity_in_2020 |title=Second ExoMars mission moves to next launch opportunity in 2020 |publisher=European Space Agency |date=2 May 2016 |accessdate=2 May 2016}} 3. ^[https://www.space.com/34664-exomars-facts.html ExoMars: Searching for Life on Mars]. Elizabeth Howell, Space.com. March 15, 2017. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://exploration.esa.int/mars/45103-rover-instruments/?fbodylongid=2130 |title=The ExoMars Rover Instrument Suite: RLS - Raman Spectrometer |publisher=European Space Agency |date=3 April 2013}} 5. ^{{Cite journal |title=Raman spectroscopy breaking terrestrial barriers! |journal=Journal of Raman Spectroscopy |first1=J. |last1=Popp |first2=M. |last2=Schmitt |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=18–21 |year=2006 |doi=10.1002/jrs.1198 |bibcode=2004JRSp...35..429P}} 6. ^{{Cite journal |url=http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/36075/1/Raman_Spectroscopy_Europe.pdf |title=Raman spectroscopy goes to Mars |journal=Spectroscopy Europe |first1=Fernando |last1=Rull Pérez |first2=Jesus |last2=Martinez-Frias |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=18–21 |year=2006}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2016.1567 The Raman Laser Spectrometer for the ExoMars Rover Mission to Mars]. Fernando Rull, Sylvestre Maurice, Ian Hutchinson, Andoni Moral, Carlos Perez, Carlos Diaz, Maria Colombo, Tomas Belenguer, Guillermo Lopez-Reyes, Antonio Sansano, Olivier Forni, Yann Parot, Nicolas Striebig, Simon Woodward, Chris Howe, Nicolau Tarcea, Pablo Rodriguez, Laura Seoane, Amaia Santiago, Jose A. Rodriguez-Prieto, Jesús Medina, Paloma Gallego, Rosario Canchal, Pilar Santamaría, Gonzalo Ramos, Jorge L. Vago, and on behalf of the RLS Team. Astrobiology, 1 July 2017, 17(6-7), pages 627-654. {{doi|10.1089/ast.2016.1567}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://exploration.esa.int/mars/45103-rover-instruments/?fbodylongid=2130|title=The ExoMars Rover Instrument Suite|website=exploration.esa.int|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-22}} 9. ^[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2011/pdf/2400.pdf] 10. ^1 [https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2018/pdf/2449.pdf Raman Laser pectrometer for 2020 ExoMars Mission. Engineering and qualification model capabilities and future activities.] (PDF). A. G. Morala, F. Rull, S. Maurice, I. Hutchinson, C.P. Canora, L. Seoane, R. Canchal, P. Gallego, G. Ramos, J.A.R. Prieto, A. Santiago, P. Santamaría, M. Colombo, T. Belenguer, G. López, C. Quintana, J. Zafra, A. Berrocal, C. Pintor, J. Cabrero, J. Saiz. 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2018. LPI Contrib. No. 2083. 11. ^1 [https://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/article/search-signatures-early-life-mars-raman-spectroscopy-and-exomars-mission The search for signatures of early life on Mars: Raman spectroscopy and the Exomars mission]. Howell G.M. Edwards, Ian B. Hutchinson, Richard Ingley, Nick R. Waltham, Sarah Beardsley, Shaun Dowson, and Simon Woodward. Spectroscopy Europe. 5 : ExoMars|Spacecraft instruments|Mars imagers|Astrobiology|Space science experiments |
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