| 词条 | Ramsen (card game) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| title = Ramsen | image_link = File:Ramsen-Bavarian pack-Special Trumps.jpg | image_caption = The permanent trumps: Dallmutz, Belli, Großer Bube and Kleiner Bube | alt_names = | type = Plain-trick game | family = Rams group | players = 3–5 | ages = 8+ | num_cards = 32 | deck = Bavarian-pattern pack | play = Clockwise | card_rank = A K O U 10 9 8 7 | origin = Germany | related = Lampeln, Mulatschak, Schnalzen, Schnellen | playing_time = | random_chance = | skills = | footnotes = Features: 5 cards, 4 special trumps and exchanging, game is 10 points }} Ramsen (Bavarian: "scoop", "pick up", "gather") or Ramsch is a traditional Bavarian plain-trick, card game for three to five players that is played with a 32-card German-suited pack and is suitable both for adults and for children. It is one of the Rams group of card games that are distinguished by allowing players to drop out if they think they will fail to win the required number of tricks. An unusual feature of Ramsen is the presence of four permanent trump cards that rank just below the Trump Sow (often erroneously called the Trump Ace). It should not be confused with the contract of Ramsch in games like Skat or Schafkopf, nor with the related game of Rams which is also called Ramsen in Austria, but is played with a Piquet pack, does not have permanent trumps and has a different card ranking. HistoryRamsen appears to be at least 170 years old, there being a reference in an 1844 south German anthology to it being one of the card games that is "fun" and in which "one does not have to think too much".{{sfn|Griesinger|1844|p=84}} In 1877, the game is described as one of several which is "popular with ordinary folk" in Bavaria.{{sfn|Schmeller|1877|p=101}} Ramsen is still taught and played in Bavaria today, for example, in Memmingen[1] and Markt Rettenbach.[2] It is also recorded as being played in the Austrian states of Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Lower Austria Carinthia and Burgenland in recent times.{{sfn|Geiser|2004|p=58}} It is described by Sirch as being suitable for adults and children alike.[3] Overview and aimRamsen is a one of the Rams family of card games, the distinguishing feature of which is that players may choose to drop out of the current game if they think they will be unable to win any tricks or a minimum number of tricks.[4]{{sfn|Geiser|2004|p=38}} Ramsen is a plain-trick game in which the aim is to win as many tricks as possible and be the first to complete the two crosses used for scoring. It may also be played for small stakes.[5] CardsRamsen is played with a 32-card, Bavarian pattern, German-suited pack with the suits of Acorns (), Leaves or Grass (), Hearts () and Bells ().[3]
The ranking order of the cards within the plain suits is: Sow > King > Ober > Unter > 10 > 9 > 8 > 7. An unusual feature of Ramsen is the presence of four permanent trump cards that rank just below the Trump Sow:[3]
Thus the ranking order of the trump suit (T = trump, A = Sow, etc.) is: TA > {{Suit of Bells}}9 > {{Suit of Bells}}7 > {{Suit of Acorns}}O > {{Suit of Acorns}}U > TK > TO > TU > T10 > T9 > T8 > T7.[3]
PlayingDealing and trumpsThe dealer shuffles the pack and rearhand cuts. Rearhand may keep (schlecken, literally "lap up") the bottom card of the top stack, but will then only be dealt four cards. Otherwise players are dealt five cards as one packet of three and one packet of two. The next card is flipped to determine the trump suit and the remainder placed face down next to it as the talon.[3] ExchangingEach player, in clockwise order beginning with forehand, may now exchange cards from the hand for cards in the talon. In addition, the dealer may exchange with the trump upcard. If rearhand has schleckt when cutting the pack, he may not exchange.[3] BiddingEach player now reviews his cards and opts to "play" or "pass". If a player has exchanged, he must play. The reason a player may want to pass – and therefore not participate in the current deal – is that, if he takes no tricks, he is penalised by having to complete an additional cross (i.e. by taking an extra five tricks) in order to win the game.[3] Trick playingForehand leads to the first trick or, if he has passed, players play in order of positional seniority, beginning with forehand. Players must follow suit (Farbzwang), must play a trump if unable to follow suit (Trumpfzwang) and, in doing either, must head the trick if possible (Stechzwang). If a player cannot follow suit or trump, he may throw in any card.[3] ScoringBefore the game, two crosses (X X) are drawn for each player. For every trick won, a bar is drawn at the end of one of the arms of the crosses; for the fifth trick a bar is drawn horizontally across the middle of the cross (see diagram right). The first player to complete 2 crosses is the winner. If a player takes no tricks, he gets an extra cross to complete.[5] References1. ^Terminübersicht at www.spiegelschwab-memmingen.de. Retrieved 12 October 2018 2. ^[https://www.markt-rettenbach.de/de/aktuelles/meldungen/pdf/Ferienprogramm-2018.pdf Markt Rettenbacher Sommer Ferien Programm] at www.markt-rettenbach.de. Retrieved 12 October 2018 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sirch (2008), p. 59 4. ^[https://www.pagat.com/rams/ Card Games: Rams Group] at www.pagat.com. Retrieved 16 October 2018 5. ^1 Sirch (2008), p. 60 Literature
External links
5 : Austrian card games|Bavarian card games|German deck card games|Four-player card games|Rams group |
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