| 词条 | Aleksandar Protogerov |
| 释义 |
|name=Aleksandar Protogerov |birth_date=28 February 1867 |death_date= {{d-da|7 July 1928|28 February 1867}} |birth_place= Ohrid, Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia) |death_place= Sofia, Bulgaria |image=Protogerov Parade uniform.jpg |caption= |native_name=Александър Протогеров |native_name_lang=bul |nickname= |allegiance={{flagicon|Bulgaria|1878}} Bulgaria |branch= Bulgarian Army |serviceyears= |rank=Lieutenant General |commands= |unit= |battles= |awards= }} Alexandar Protogerov (Bulgarian: Александър Протогеров) (28 February 1867, Ohrid – 7 July 1928, Sofia) was a Bulgarian general, politician and revolutionary, as well as a member of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Thrace. He was among the leaders of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee and later joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. He was a volunteer in the Serbo-Bulgarian War in 1885. Protogerov took part in the Gorna Djumaya uprising in 1902 and in the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising. In the Balkan Wars, Protogerov was one of the organizers of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps and Assistant Commander of this military unit. During the First World War, he commanded the Third Infantry Brigade of 11th Macedonian division and then became commander of the Bulgarian troops in the Pomoravlje region of Serbia. There he suppressed the Toplica Uprising, commanding an army that committed a large number of war crimes, including cruel murders of thousands of women, children and the elderly. Later, as commandant of Sofia, Protogerov suppressed the Bulgarian soldier's uprising. After World War I, Protogerov was elected as one of the leaders of IMRO. In 1924, IMRO entered negotiations with the Comintern about collaboration between the communists and the Macedonian movement and the creation of a united Macedonian movement. Protogerov and Petar Chaulev probably signed the so-called May Manifesto about forming a Balkan Communist Federation and cooperation with the Soviet Union in Vienna. Later, Protogerov denied through the Bulgarian press that they had ever signed any agreements, claiming that the May Manifesto was a communist forgery. Shortly after, Todor Alexandrov was assassinated in unclear circumstances and IMRO came under the leadership of Ivan Mihailov, who became a powerful figure in Bulgarian politics. The result of the murder was further strife within the organisation and several high-profile murders, including that of Protogetov himself. ReferencesSources
See also
20 : 1867 births|1928 deaths|People from Ohrid|Bulgarian revolutionaries|Members of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization|Bulgarian generals|People of the Serbo-Bulgarian War|Bulgarian military personnel of the Balkan Wars|Bulgarian military personnel of World War I|Recipients of the Order of Bravery|Recipients of the Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria)|Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)|Assassinated Bulgarian politicians|Assassinated military personnel|Macedonian Bulgarians|Bulgarian Freemasons|People murdered in Bulgaria|20th-century Bulgarian politicians|Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class|Deaths by firearm in Bulgaria |
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