| 词条 | Aleksandra Chudina |
| 释义 |
|image=Aleksandra Chudina 1952.jpg |image_size=250px |caption=Aleksandra Chudina at the 1952 Olympics |birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1923|11|6}} |birth_place=Kurkinsky District, Tula Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union[1] |death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1990|10|28|1923|11|6}} |death_place=Moscow, Soviet Union |sport=Athletics | height = {{convert|1.88|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|73|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |club=Dynamo Moscow |medaltemplates={{Medal|Country | the {{URS}} }}{{Medal|Sport | Athletics}}{{Medal|Competition|Olympic Games}}{{Medal|Silver| 1952 Helsinki|Long jump}}{{Medal|Silver| 1952 Helsinki|Javelin throw}}{{Medal|Bronze| 1952 Helsinki|High jump}}{{Medal|Competition|European Championships}}{{Medal|Gold| 1954 Bern|Pentathlon}}{{Medal|Silver| 1946 Oslo|High jump}}{{Medal|Silver| 1954 Bern|Long jump}}{{Medal|Sport | Volleyball}}{{Medal|Competition|World Championships}}{{Medal|Gold|1952 Moscow|Team}}{{Medal|Gold|1956 Paris|Team}}{{Medal|Gold|1960 Rio de Janeiro|Team}}{{Medal|Comp|European Championships}}{{Medal|Gold|1949 Prague|Team}}{{Medal|Gold|1950 Sofia|Team}}{{Medal|Gold|1951 Paris|Team}}{{Medal|Silver|1955 Bucharest|Team}}{{Medal|Gold|1958 Prague|Team}} }}Aleksandra Georgievna Chudina ({{lang-ru|Александра Георгиевна Чудина}}; 6 November 1923 – 28 October 1990) was a Soviet athlete who excelled in field hockey, volleyball, and various track and field events.[2] Field hockeyChudina took a wide range of sports and excelled first in field hockey, where she started playing as a defender in 1937 and later changed to a forward. With her team Dynamo Moscow she won several major tournaments at the city and national levels between 1937 and 1947.[3] AthleticsChudina then changed to athletics, and had a first international success in 1946, when she finished second in the high jump at the European championships. At the 1952 Summer Olympics she won silver medals in the javelin throw and long jump and a bronze in the high jump.[4] On 22 May 1954, she set a new world record in the high jump at 1.73 meters.[5] The same year she won two European medals in the pentathlon and long jump, but finished only sixth in the high jump.[4] VolleyballBetween 1947 and 1963 Chudina was also a member, and often the captain, of the Dynamo and national volleyball teams. With the national teams she won world championships in 1952, 1956 and 1960,[6] and European championships in 1949, 1950, 1951 and 1958, finishing second in 1955.[7] Personal lifeChudina was one of the most popular Soviet sportspersons of the 1950s, and was then used by the Soviet media as an example of superiority of the national sport programs. She was a colorful person who had a coarse low voice, enjoyed alcohol drinking and playing cards in a company, and was a careless car driver. After retiring from competitions (as she was suspected in being an Intersex person)[8][9][10] she worked as a sports administrator and was soon forgotten. She had developed tuberculosis and lost one leg due to gangrene. A chain smoker through much of her life, she died of a stomach cancer, aged 66.[11] References1. ^Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, entry on "Чудина", available online here {{Footer European Champions Pentathlon Women}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chudina, Aleksandra}}2. ^{{cite book|title=All about Olympic Games.|author=Boris Khavin|publisher=Fizkultura i sport|edition = 2nd |year=1979|location=Moscow|language=Russian|page=392}} 3. ^Чудина Александра Георгиевна (1923-1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129123057/http://sport-necropol.narod.ru/chudina.html |date=29 November 2014 }}. sport-necropol.narod.ru 4. ^1 [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ch/aleksandra-chudina-1.html Aleksandra Chudina]. sports-reference.com 5. ^{{cite web | title = World Records for High Jump (Women) | work = World Records | publisher = Cleave Books | url = http://www.cleavebooks.co.uk/databank/worldrec/whjump.htm| accessdate =19 February 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080302054518/http://www.cleavebooks.co.uk/databank/worldrec/whjump.htm| archivedate= 2 March 2008 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite web | title = Volleyball - Weltmeisterschaften (Damen) | work = Historie | publisher = Sport Komplett | url = http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/v/volleyball/hst/2.html | accessdate =21 February 2008 }} 7. ^{{cite web | title = Volleyball - Europameisterschaften (Damen) | work = Historie | publisher = Sport Komplett | url = http://www.sport-komplett.de/sport-komplett/sportarten/v/volleyball/hst/32.html | accessdate =21 February 2008 }} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sport-express.ru/fridays/reviews/899542/|title=Галина Зыбина: "За женскую сборную СССР выставляли мужчин. Мы-то знали"|date=2015-07-24|access-date=2018-09-11}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://tula-sport.ru/news/11582|title=Галина Зыбина подтвердила, что тульская легкоатлетка Чудина была гермафродитом {{!}} Тула-Спорт|website=tula-sport.ru|language=ru-RU|access-date=2018-09-11}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://diletant.media/blogs/62451/39056245/|title=Секс-тест или Олимпийские Гендерные войны|work=diletant.media|access-date=2018-09-11|language=ru}} 11. ^Boris Valiev (12 October 2002) Супервершины Александры Чудиной. sovsport.ru 21 : 1923 births|1990 deaths|People from Kurkinsky District|Soviet women's volleyball players|Soviet pentathletes|Soviet female javelin throwers|Soviet female high jumpers|Soviet female long jumpers|Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union|Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union|Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union|Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics|European Athletics Championships medalists|Dynamo sports society athletes|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR|Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery|Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)|Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)|Intersex sportspeople |
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